Schizophrenia Flashcards
(28 cards)
Who first coined the term “schizophrenia”?
a. Emil Kraepelin
b. Eugen Bleuler
c. Sigmund Freud
d. Carl Jung
Eugen Bleuler
Which of the following is NOT a core deficit described by Eugen Bleuler’s “4 A’s”?
a. Ambivalence
b. Anhedonia
c. Autism
d. Inappropriate affect
Anhedonia
Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
a. Hallucinations
b. Delusions
c. Avolition
d. Thought disorder
Avolition
According to DSM-5, which symptom must be present for a diagnosis of schizophrenia?
a. Cognitive deficits
b. At least two symptoms lasting for one month, with at least one being delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech
c. Severe depressive episodes lasting six months
d. A combination of anxiety and mood disorders
At least two symptoms lasting for one month, with at least one being delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech
For how long must signs of schizophrenia be present for a diagnosis, including prodromal or residual phases?
a. 1 month
b. 3 months
c. 6 months
d. 12 months
6 months
What type of study provides the strongest evidence for the heritability of schizophrenia?
a. Epidemiological studies
b. Adoption studies
c. Cross-sectional studies
d. Longitudinal studies
Adoption studies
Which environmental factor is NOT associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia?
a. Maternal stress
b. Viral epidemics
c. High levels of vitamin D
d. Population density
High levels of vitamin D
The dopamine hypothesis suggests that the positive symptoms of schizophrenia are caused by:
a. Decreased dopamine activity in the prefrontal cortex
b. Increased dopamine activity in the mesolimbic system
c. Abnormal glutamate transmission
d. Excess GABAergic activity
Increased dopamine activity in the mesolimbic system
Which type of medication acts primarily on D2 dopamine receptors?
a. Atypical antipsychotics
b. Typical antipsychotics
c. NMDA receptor antagonists
d. SSRIs
Typical antipsychotics
What is a common side effect of long-term antipsychotic treatment?
a. Tardive dyskinesia
b. Serotonin syndrome
c. Neurogenesis
d. Weight loss
Tardive dyskinesia
What term describes reduced activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex associated with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
a. Hyperfrontality
b. Hypofrontality
c. Hyperdopaminergia
d. Hypodopaminergia
Hypofrontality
NMDA receptor antagonists like ketamine and PCP can:
a. Reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia
b. Produce both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
c. Act as dopamine receptor blockers
d. Increase serotonin levels
Produce both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
What neurotransmitter system influences dopamine through NMDA receptor activity?
a. Glutamate
b. Serotonin
c. Acetylcholine
d. GABA
Glutamate
What is the estimated lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia in the population?
a. 0.1%
b. 1%
c. 5%
d. 10%
1%
According to epidemiological studies, what is the seasonality effect in schizophrenia?
a. Increased incidence in people born during summer
b. Increased incidence in people born during late winter and early spring
c. Decreased incidence in urban areas
d. Decreased incidence in people with high levels of vitamin D
Increased incidence in people born during late winter and early spring
The AESOP study found that the incidence of schizophrenia is:
a. Higher in rural areas
b. Unaffected by ethnicity
c. Greater in South London compared to Bristol and Nottingham
d. Decreasing over time globally
Greater in South London compared to Bristol and Nottingham
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Hallucinations
b. Delusions
c. Thought disorder
d. Anhedonia
Anhedonia
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are associated with:
a. Early age of onset and poor response to treatment
b. Increased cognitive performance
c. Improved premorbid adjustment
d. Short prodromal periods
Early age of onset and poor response to treatment
Which cognitive deficit is most likely related to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia?
a. Memory loss caused by stress
b. Impaired working memory and attention
c. Language-related issues
d. Social withdrawal
Impaired working memory and attention
The concept of a “schizophrenia gene” suggests:
a. Schizophrenia is caused by a single mutation
b. A single gene directly triggers schizophrenia in all carriers
c. Genetic susceptibility interacts with environmental factors
d. Schizophrenia cannot be inherited
Genetic susceptibility interacts with environmental factors
What do GWAS studies indicate about the genetic basis of schizophrenia?
a. It is caused by a single mutation
b. Rare mutations and multiple loci are involved
c. There is no genetic contribution to schizophrenia
d. Environmental factors outweigh genetic ones
Rare mutations and multiple loci are involved
Which of the following is NOT an environmental risk factor for schizophrenia?
a. Prenatal malnutrition
b. Maternal stress
c. High population density
d. Lack of exercise
Lack of exercise
Typical antipsychotic drugs primarily work by:
a. Blocking serotonin receptors
b. Blocking dopamine D2 receptors
c. Enhancing NMDA receptor activity
d. Increasing dopamine levels
Blocking dopamine D2 receptors
What is a limitation of typical antipsychotic drugs?
a. They do not alleviate positive symptoms
b. They cause permanent cognitive impairment
c. They are ineffective against negative and cognitive symptoms
d. They have no effect on dopamine receptors
They are ineffective against negative and cognitive symptoms
