lec 15 Flashcards

1
Q

competitive exclusion principle

In reality this does not happen because

A
  • when two species compete directly for the same limiting resources; the more efficient speies will eliminate the other
  • no two species have exactly the same requirement
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2
Q

the competivie exclusion principle applies to what is called a _______ ______

A

population niche

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3
Q

niche

A

the sum total of the biotic and abiotic resources an organism uses

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4
Q

If the niche’s of two or more species are very similar then

A

one or more species may be driven out of the habitat by competitive exclusion

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5
Q

Symbiotic relationship: ____________

The three types are _________

A
  • an interaction between two or more species in which one species lives in close association with another species
  • (parasitism, commensalism, mutualsim
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6
Q

parasitism

A

a kind of predator-prey relationship in which one organism, the parasite, derives its food at the expense of its symbiotic associate, the host

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7
Q

parasitic relationship

A

one species(parasite) benefits and the other species (host) is harmed

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8
Q

parasites increase their fitness by

A

using the host for food, habitat, and a means of dispersal

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9
Q

Parasatoidism

A

kill the host

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10
Q

Hosts have adaptations that minimize the effect of parasites
immune responses: ________
behavioral defenses: _________

A
  • common in micro-parasitic infection and less common in macro-parastic infection
  • may help a host avoid infection
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11
Q

commensalism

A

a type of symbiosis in which one organism benefits and the other one is neither harmed nor helped

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12
Q

mutalism

A

is a positive interaction between two species that can be characterized by a number of benefits

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13
Q
Examples of mutualism:
Provision of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_ from predators, herbivores and parasites
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ with a third species
enhanced \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A
  • essential resouces
  • protection
  • reduction of competition
  • reproduction
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14
Q

obligate mutualists

A

cannot survive or reproduce without the interaction

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15
Q

faculative mutualist

A

can survive and reproduce without eachother

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16
Q

Competition is

A

an interaction between two or more individuals that attempt to use the same resource, such as food, water sunlight or living space

17
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

competitive interactions between two or more individuals of the same species

18
Q

Interspecific competition

A

competitive interactions between two different species

19
Q

Exploitation

A

a type of competition where organisms are competing for the same resource but not directly interacting

20
Q

Interference

A

a type of competition where there is direct competitive interactions

21
Q

Interspecific interactions

A

Consumption, preemption, overgrowth, chemical interaction, territorial, encounter

22
Q

consumption competition

A

individuals of one species inhibit individuals of another by consuming a shared resource

23
Q

pre-emption competition

A

individuals of one species prevent occupation of an area by individuals of another by getting there first

24
Q

overgrowth competition

A

individuals of one species grow over individuals of another species, inhibiting access to a resource

25
chemical interaction competition
individuals of one species release growth inhibitors or toxins that inhibit or kill other species
26
Allelopathy in plants
secretion of chemicals that inhibit germination of other species
27
Territorial competition
The behaviour of one species, excludes another species from a specific location that is defended as a territory
28
Encounter competition
non-territorial encounter between individuals of different species that affects one or more of the individuals involved
29
resource partitioning | Based on the fact that over time, natural selection favours
A reduction in competition among coexisting species, | individuals of each species, that avoid or at least reduce competition for limited environmental resources
30
competitive release __________________________ when ________________ or _______
- results in the expansion of species niche - a competitor is no longer present - when a species invades a habitat that is free of potential competitors
31
Parasties must __________ and __________ before host death but often cannot ________
leave one host relocate to another do this at will
32
To successfully migrate a parasite must
adapt its own life history with the hosts feeding, mating, and social behaviors
33
natural selection favours strains that _____ a host without ________
- infect | - killing