lec 7

Question 1

Two truths todays biologists operate under

Answer 1

1. All living things are descenede from a comon ancestor

2. All living things can change and give rise to a new species

Question 2

Truths originate from

Answer 2

Charles Darwin who porposed that over 1000’s of million of years speacies arose form other pre-existing species by a process of descent with modification

Question 3

Plato

Answer 3

Proposed a concept called the “fixity of species”

Question 4

Fixity of species

Answer 4

species remain unchanged through time, variation as imperfections on gods design rather than adaptations

Question 5

Aristotle

Answer 5

believed species were fixed but did notice that life was somewhat similar and based on this similarity he created his ladder of nature

Question 6

Erasumus darwin and other scientists

Answer 6

quiestly suggest that life forms are not fixed

Question 7

forms not being fixed based on

Answer 7

1. Discoveries by european explorers brought about a new understanding of diversity and fossils, including primates (which are similar to us)
2. Fossils in situ showed a layering effect which often included a change in the fossils sometimes abrupt sometimes slowly

Question 8

Georges Louis Leclerc

Answer 8

• had one of first published writing against the fixity of species (suggested migration, isolation, overcrowding and the struggle for existence lead to these change)
• adament against species evolving into another but proposed species

Question 9

Erasmus Darwin

Answer 9

Physician, poet, plant biologist, believed evolution

• modern species different but similar from fossils
• plant and animal breeders used practices to change traits of domestic species

Question 10

Baron Georges Cuvier

Answer 10

• founder of paleontology, proposed abrupt changes in fossil records due to catastrophes

Question 11

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Answer 11

Focused on slow change through time

• ground work for evolutionary theory
• introducing the slow change of evolution
• introduced the idea that variation feeds evolution

Question 12

inheritance of acquired characteristics

Answer 12

organisms acquired characteristics during their lifetime and then passed them on to offspring

Question 13

Darwin

Answer 13

• catapulted evolutionary theory into today
• born rich, could think through ideas/select career path
• flunked out of medicine
• got degree in theology