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Histopathology > [LEC] Hemodynamic Disorders > Flashcards

[LEC] Hemodynamic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What refers to an increase in blood volume within a tissues?

A

hyperemia and congestion

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2
Q

Difference between hyperemia and congestion.

A

Hyperemia - active process
Congestion - passive process

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3
Q

True or False.

Hyperemic tissues are redder than normal because of engorgement with oxygenated blood.

A

True

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4
Q

What is the cause of increased blood flow during hyperemia?

A

Arteriolar dilation

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5
Q

What is the cause of the blue-red color of congested tissues?

A

accumulation of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the affected areas

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6
Q

What is the cause of cyanosis during congestion?

A

obstruction

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7
Q

Identify the Type of Congestion.

  • marked by blood-engorged alveolar capillaries and variable degrees of alveolar septal edema and intraalveolar hemorrhage
A

Acute pulmonary congestion

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8
Q

Identify the Type of Congestion.

  • septa become thickened and fibrotic
  • alveolar spaces contain numerous macrophage laden with hemosiderin (heart failure cells) derived from phagocytosed red cells
A

Chronic pulmonary congestion

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9
Q
  • Accumulation of interstitial fluid within tissues
  • Result of movement of fluid from the vasculature into the interstitial spaces
A

edema

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10
Q

Difference between transudate and exudate.

A

Protein Poor = transudate
Protein Rich = exudate

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11
Q

accumulation of extravascular fluid in the pleural cavity

A

hydrothorax

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12
Q

accumulation of extravascular fluid in the pericardial cavity

A

hydropericardium

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13
Q

accumulation of extravascular fluid in the peritoneal cavity

A

Hydroperitoneum (Ascites)

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14
Q

severe, generalized edema marked by profound swelling of subcutaneous tissues and accumulation of fluid in the body cavity

A

Anasarca

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15
Q

Enumerate Pathophysiologic Causes of Edema

A

a. Impaired Venous Return
b. Arteriolar Dilation
c. Reduced Plasma Osmotic Pressure
d. Lymphatic Obstruction
e. Sodium Retention
f. Inflammation

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16
Q

______ accounts for almost half of the total plasma protein

A

albumin

17
Q

What causes massive edema of the lower extremity and external genitalia by inducing inguinal lymphatic and lymph node fibrosis?

A

filariasis

18
Q

True or False.

Hypercoagulability is a pathophysiologic cause of edema.

A

False.

(Hypercoagulability is NOT a pathophysiologic cause of edema)

19
Q

finger pressure over edematous subcutaneous tissue displaces the interstitial fluid

A

pitting edema

20
Q

Lungs often are two to three times their normal weight, and sectioning reveals frothy, sometimes blood-tinged fluid consisting of a mixture of air, edema fluid, and extravasated red cells

A

pulmonary edema

21
Q

Extravasation of blood from vessels

A

hemorrhage

22
Q

blood accumulate within a tissue

A

hematoma

23
Q

an intravascular solid, liquid, or gaseous mass that is carried by the blood to a site distant from its point of origin

A

embolus

24
Q

vast majority of thromboembolic derived from a dislodged thrombus

A

thromboembolism

25
Q

What is the primary consequence of systemic embolization?

A

Ischemic Necrosis (infarction)

26
Q

Emboli which travel through the systemic arterial circulatory system

A

Systemic Thromboembolism

27
Q

areas of ischemic necrosis most caused by arterial occlusion

A

infarct

28
Q

the process by which infarct lesions are formed

A

infarction

29
Q

a type of tissue that is prone to hemorrhagic infarction because of its dual circulation.

A

small intestine

30
Q

Results from low cardiac output due to myocardial pump failure

A

cardiogenic shock

31
Q

results from low cardiac output due to loss of blood or plasma volume

A

hypovolemic shock

32
Q

results from arterial vasodilation and venous blood pooling that stems from the systemic immune response to microbial infection

A

septic shock

33
Q

results from loss of vascular tone associated with anesthesia or secondary to a spinal cord injury

A

Neurogenic Shock

34
Q

results from systemic vasodilation and increased vascular permeability that is triggered by IgE- mediated hypersensitivity reaction

A

Anaphylatic Shock

35
Q

Enumerate the stages of shock.

A
  1. Initial Nonprogressive
  2. Progressive
  3. Irreversible

Histopathology (11 decks)

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