Lect. 12 - CV system

Question 1

components of the CV system (3)

Answer 1

heart
blood
blood vessels

Question 2

general functions of the CV system (3)

Answer 2

Transportation, regulation, protection

Question 3

what is moved by transportation function (5)

Answer 3

oxygen
carbon dioxide
nutrients
heat
wastes

Question 4

what is moved by regulation function (3)

Answer 4

pH
body T
water content of cells

Question 5

what is moved by protection function (3)

Answer 5

clotting
phagocytosis
antibodies

Question 6

avg volume of blood in males & females

Answer 6

5-6 L vs 4-5 L

Question 7

WHOLE BLOOD = 55% ___ + 45% ____

Answer 7

plasma, formed elements

Question 8

Composition of blood plasma

Answer 8

91,5% H2O

8,5% solutes (mostly plasma proteins + albumins, globulins, fibrinogen)

Question 9

Blood plasma - roles of albumins (2)

Answer 9

transport fatty acids

help keep h2o from diffusing out of the blood

Question 10

Blood plasma - role of globulins (1)

Answer 10

produced during certain immune responses, stimulated by foreign invaders (bacteria, viruses)

Question 11

Blood plasma - role of fibrogen

Answer 11

essential for blood clotting

Question 12

Formed elements (45% WB)

Answer 12

99% RBC vs 1 % WBC and platelets
Hemopoiesis
Hematocrit

Question 13

what is hemopoiesis + other name

Answer 13

formation of blood cells

hematopoiesis

Question 14

where does hemopoiesis occurs

Answer 14

in red bone marrow

yellow bone marrow produces in emergencies only

Question 15

what is hematocrit

Answer 15

% of total blood volume occupied by RBC

Question 16

hematocrit - normal range for females vs males

Answer 16

38-46% vs 40-54%

Question 17

hematocrit - anemia vs polycythemia

Answer 17

anemia = significant decrease in hematocrit
polycythemia = significant increase in hematocrit (increase viscosity)

Question 18

possible causes of polycythemia (3)

Answer 18

tissue hypoxia, dehydration, blood doping

Question 19

other name for RBCs

Answer 19

erythrocytes

Question 20

RBCs contain oxygen-carrying protein called ___ (gives blood its red color)

Answer 20

hemoglobin

Question 21

Anatomy of a RBC (4)

Answer 21

Biconcave disc
Strong and flexible plasma membrane
Contain glycolipids which act as antigens
Lack a nucleus and other organelles

Question 22

4 functions of RBCs

Answer 22

1. highly specialized for O2 transport (carry 20% of CO2)
2. each contains about 280 million hemoglobin
3. helps in BP regulation
4. generate ATP anaerobically

Question 23

2 parts of hemoglobin molecule

Answer 23

globin (protein)

4 heme

Question 24

name of the process of production of RBC

Answer 24

erythropoiesis

Question 25

where does erythropoiesis begins + maturation + life span

Answer 25

begin in red bone marrow matures within 1-2 days life span of RBC about 120 days

Question 26

if erythorpoiesis < RBC destruction rate = ?

Answer 26

hypoxia

Question 27

causes of hypoxia (3)

Answer 27

high altitude anemia circulatory problems

Question 28

what stimulates the kidneys to increase the release of erythropoietin

Answer 28

hypoxia

Question 29

other name for WBC

Answer 29

leukocytes

Question 30

characteristics of WBC (3)

Answer 30

contain a nucleus do not contain hemoglobin granular vs agranular

Question 31

composition of WBC (5)

Answer 31

``` neutrophils (60%) lymphocytes (20-45%) monocytes (4-8%) eosinophils (1-4%) basophils (0.5%) ```

Question 32

name the three granular WBC (phagocytes)

Answer 32

neutrophils eosinophils basophils

Question 33

role of neutrophils in WBC

Answer 33

consume/destroy bacteria

Question 34

roles of eosinophils in WBC

Answer 34

role in ending allergic reactions/parasite infections | found along the digestive tube

Question 35

role of basophils in WBC

Answer 35

release histamine in later stages of inflammation

Question 36

name the two agranular WBC

Answer 36

lymphocytes | monocytes

Question 37

role of lymphocytes in WBC

Answer 37

role in immunity, react to specific foreign molecule

Question 38

roles of monocytes in WBC

Answer 38

transform into macrophage | migrate from blood to tissues

Question 39

what is leukopenia + cause

Answer 39

abnormal low levels of WBC due to radiation, shock, chemotherapy

Question 40

what is leukocytosis

Answer 40

increase in number of WBC

Question 41

function of WBC (3)

Answer 41

combat pathogens entering the body leave the bloodstream and enter the area of inflammation increase in number when inflammation/injury occurs

Question 42

other name for platelets

Answer 42

thrombocytes