Lect. 14 - systemic circulation

Question 1

arteries that carry blood from the heart to other organs

Answer 1

conducting arteries

Question 2

arteries that divide into medium-sized with high elastin component dampens the BP from heart contractions

Answer 2

distributing arteries

Question 3

charact. of arterioles

Answer 3

smaller arteries
divisions of medium-sized arteries
divide into capillaries

Question 4

function of arterioles

Answer 4

control the vasoconstriction/vasodilation

Question 5

where substances are exchanged between blood and body tissues
groups unite to form small veins called venules
large enough for 1 erythrocyte at a time

Answer 5

capillaries

Question 6

merging of venules forming large blood vessels

carry blood from tissues back to the heart

Answer 6

veins

Question 7

vaso vasorum other name

Answer 7

vasculature of vessels

Question 8

function of vaso vasorum

Answer 8

located in the walls of larger blood vessels

supply oxygen and nutrients to those larger blood vessels

Question 9

3 layers of the artery walls

Answer 9

tunica interna
tunica media
tunica externa

Question 10

which layer is closest to the lumen

Answer 10

tunica interna

Question 11

which layer is the thickest, highly elastic

Answer 11

tunica media

Question 12

which layer is made of elastin and collagen fibers

Answer 12

tunica externa

Question 13

tunica interna

Answer 13

smooth surface, prevents friction

Question 14

tunica media

Answer 14

smooth muscle - vasoconstriction/vasodilation

Question 15

tunica externa

Answer 15

protects vessels, anchors it to surrounding structures

Question 16

roles of arterioles (2)

Answer 16

Play a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries

Change in diameter also affects blood pressure

Question 17

“resistance vessels”

Answer 17

arterioles

Question 18

“exchanging vessels”

Answer 18

capillaries

Question 19

capillaries

Answer 19

extensive network in muscles, liver, kidneys and nervous system
none are found in the lining epithelia, cornea, lens and cartilage

Question 20

t/f capillaries have a tunica externa and media

Answer 20

nope

Question 21

1 metarteriole supplies ___ capillaries (capillary bed)

Answer 21

10-100

Question 22

venules

Answer 22

union of several capillaries

collect blood from several capillaries and drain into the veins

Question 23

t/f veinules have no tunica externa

Answer 23

true

Question 24

t/f veins can withstand high pressures

Answer 24

false

Question 25

t/f veins have tunica externa, interna, media

Answer 25

true

Question 26

pumping of venous blood back to the heart is done through: (3)

Answer 26

- pumping of the heart - contraction of skeletal muscles in lower limbs - valves found in the veins

Question 27

charac. of venous valves

Answer 27

each valve has 2 or more folds of tunica interna forming cusps projecting towards the heart

Question 28

leaky venous valves results in ___

Answer 28

varicose veins (swollen veins)

Question 29

at rest - veins/venules - capillaries - arteries/arterioles - remaining 20%??

Answer 29

60% of BV 5% of BV 15% of BV

Question 30

systemic circulation includes (4)

Answer 30

cerebral circulation portal system all arteries branching from the aorta all veins draining into the SVC, IVC, coronary sinus

Question 31

name the arteries of the head and neck (3 branches)

Answer 31

brachiocephalic subclavian common carotid

Question 32

2 branches from subclavian a.

Answer 32

vertebral artery | internal mammary - ant. intercostals

Question 33

2 branches from common carotid a.

Answer 33

``` internal carotid (circle of willis, opthalmic) external carotid ```

Question 34

7 divisions from external carotid from inf. to sup.

Answer 34

``` sup. thyroid lingual facial occipital posterior auricular maxillary superficial temporal ```

Question 35

major source to deep skull, orbit, teeth, muscles of mastication, dura mater

Answer 35

maxillary a.

Question 36

2 branches from maxillary a.

Answer 36

infraorbital | middle meningeal

Question 37

4 branches from superficial temporal a.

Answer 37

zygomatico-orbital transverse facial frontal parietal

Question 38

thoracic aorta branches into (1)

Answer 38

posterior intercostal

Question 39

thoracic aorta continues until it passes through the diaphragm and becomes ___

Answer 39

abdominal aorta

Question 40

2 divisions of abdominal arteries

Answer 40

celiac trunk | superior mesenteric

Question 41

3 branches from celiac trunk

Answer 41

left gastric splenic common hepatic

Question 42

what does the sup. mesenteric supplies in general

Answer 42

most of the intestines, head of pancreas

Question 43

what is supplied by these arteries: 1. celiac trunk 2. inferior phrenic 3. suprarenal 4. renal

Answer 43

1. GI tract, spleen 2. diaphragm 3. suprarenal glands/adrenal 4. kidneys

Question 44

what is supplied by these arteries: 5. superior mesenteric 6. testicular/ovarian 7. inferior mesenteric 8. common iliac

Answer 44

5. GI tract 6. gonads 7. GI tract 8. lower extremities (EI) and pelvis/perineum (II)

Question 45

supplies stomach, duodenum, pancreas, greater omentum

Answer 45

gastroduodenal

Question 46

supplies stomach and esophagus

Answer 46

gastric

Question 47

supplies liver, gallbladder, stomach

Answer 47

common hepatic

Question 48

supplies stomach, greater omentum

Answer 48

gastroepiploic (gastro-omental)

Question 49

drains neck and upper limb | drains intercostal and lumbar regions by a collection of veins

Answer 49

SVC

Question 50

collection of veins that drains the intercostal and lumbar region

Answer 50

azygos system

Question 51

no major veins draining the GI tract, gall bladder, and pancrease, they have their own ___

Answer 51

portal system

Question 52

liver is drained by ___ into the IVC

Answer 52

hepatic veins

Question 53

testicular/ovarian drain into the IVC on ___ side only, __ side drains into renal vein

Answer 53

right, left

Question 54

connects IVC and SVC as an alternative pathway

Answer 54

azygos system

Question 55

role of portal system (3)

Answer 55

- detours blood from the GI organs and spleen through the liver before going into the IVC - carries blood from one capillary network to another without going to the heart - rich in substances after a meal

Question 56

t/f pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood

Answer 56

false, even if it's blue, carries deoxygenated blood from R ventricle to air sacs in the lungs

Question 57

t/f pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood

Answer 57

true, even if its red

Question 58

4 things happening in the pulmonary circulation (CO2, O2, transport, ejection)

Answer 58

- Co2 passes into alveoli (exhaled) - inhaled O2 from air to blood - pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood to the L atrium - blood is ejected into the systemic circulation

Question 59

t/f arteries are less elastic, have thinner walls and are larger in diameter

Answer 59

true

Question 60

peak systolic pressure in the R ventricle is __% of the peak systolic pressure in the L ventricle

Answer 60

20%

Question 61

pulmonary edema

Answer 61

reduces rate of diffusion of O2/CO2 this slows down the exchange of respiratory gases in the lungs

Question 62

t/f lungs, kidneys and GI tract function way before birth

Answer 62

false, they do not function until after birth

Question 63

fetal circulation occurs through the ____ with ___ and ____

Answer 63

placenta with foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus

Question 64

after birth, the umbilical cord becomes a fibrous cord called the _____

Answer 64

medial umbilical ligament

Question 65

after birth, umbilical vein becomes ___

Answer 65

ligamentum teres

Question 66

after birth, ductus venosum becomes ___

Answer 66

ligamentum venosum

Question 67

2 things form after birth

Answer 67

fossa ovalis | ligamentum arteriosum