Lecture 1

Question 1

What are the qualities that make an animal animal

Answer 1

• mobile
• heterotrophics
• reproduce (usually sexually)
• multicellular
• abscence of cell wall

Question 2

single-celled eukaryotes

Answer 2

protozoans

Question 3

animal cell that have other cell covering other than the cell membrane

Answer 3

egg cell

Question 4

animals that have no vertabral column (backbone)

Answer 4

invertebrates

Question 5

percentage of invertebrates

Answer 5

97% our of 7.8 million animal species

Question 6

what is the vertebral column for

Answer 6

structural support

Question 7

structural support of invertebrates

Answer 7

• exoskeleton
• hydrostatic skeleton

Question 8

How many phyla are there

Answer 8

36

Question 9

group of individuals able to form a viable offspring

Answer 9

species

Question 10

groups of multicellular animals

Answer 10

Metazoa

Question 11

• cells are arranged in tissues
• true tissues

Answer 11

eumetazoa

Question 12

Two group divisions under eumetazoa

Answer 12

1. radiata
2. bilateria

Question 13

animals that can be divided into several identical halves when cut along the central axis

Answer 13

radiata

Question 14

animals that can be divided into two identical halves along a single axis

Answer 14

bilateria

Question 15

Two divisions under bilateria

Answer 15

1. Deuterostomia
2. Protostomia

Question 16

first opening in the embryo becomes the mouth

Answer 16

protostomes

Question 17

first opening in the embryo becomes the anus, and the mouth develops later

Answer 17

deuterostomes

Question 18

What are the basis of groupings of the Kingdom Animalia?

Answer 18

1. levels of organization
2. symmetry
3. coelom
4. segmentation
5. body plan

Question 19

levels of organization

Answer 19

1. metazoa
2. eumetazoa

Question 20

What is the difference between phylum Porifera and other phyla?

Answer 20

• conglomerate of cells
• no true tissues
• loose aggregation of different cells

Question 21

Symmetry

Answer 21

1. Radial
2. Bilateral
3. Asymmetrical

Question 22

central axis

Answer 22

radial

Question 23

left side and right side are mirror images of each other

Answer 23

bilateral

Question 24

having parts that fail to correspond to one another in terms of shape and size

Answer 24

asymmetrical

Question 25

coelom

Answer 25

1. acoelomate 2. coelomate 3. pseudocoelomate

Question 26

- These organisms, like flatworms, do not have a body cavity - Their space between the body wall and the digestive tract is filled with tissues. :

Answer 26

Acoelomates

Question 27

- These organisms, like roundworms, have a body cavity which is not completely lined by mesoderm. - It is between the endoderm and the mesoderm.

Answer 27

Pseudocoelomates

Question 28

- These organisms, like humans, have a body cavity called a coelom that is completely lined by mesoderm. - The coelom is between the body wall and the digestive tract.

Answer 28

Coelomates

Question 29

condition of being constructed of a linear series of repeating parts, each being a metamere (body segment, or somite) and each being formed in sequence in the embryo, from anterior to posterior

Answer 29

segmentation

Question 30

refers to a body plan wherein the body contains a cluster or aggregation of cells that are not organized into cells or organs. The phylum porifera's members have this body plan. Sponges are the generic term for these.

Answer 30

cell aggregate plan

Question 30

Different animal body plan

Answer 30

1. Cell aggregate plan 2. Blind-sac plan 3. Tube-within-a-tube plan

Question 31

Phylum that have a cell aggregate body plan

Answer 31

Phylum Porifera

Question 32

Parts of a sponge

Answer 32

1. osculum 2. pinacoderm 3. mesohyl layer 4. choanoderm 5. ostia 6. spongocoel

Question 33

large aperture in a sponge through which water is expelled

Answer 33

osculum

Question 34

forms an external barrier on the surface and canals of sponges to protect it from the outer environment.

Answer 34

pinacoderm

Question 35

- gelatinous matrix that is filled in the space between the external outermost layer called pinacoderm and the internal layer called choanoderm - composed of collagen, galectin, and other elements.

Answer 35

Mesohyl layer

Question 36

- formed by the joining of choanocytes join together - create a flow of water - capture food items as they pass by these cells - flow of water is initiated through the coordinated beating of flagella

Answer 36

choanoderm

Question 37

What forms the choanoderm

Answer 37

choanocytes

Question 38

- minuscule pores present on the body walls of sponges - formed by porocytes which are tube-shaped cells that function as valves to allow fluid exchange.

Answer 38

Ostia

Question 39

central cavity of the sponge

Answer 39

spongocoel

Question 40

What forms the ostia

Answer 40

porocytes