Lesson 5 - Nervous System and Sense Organs Flashcards
(61 cards)
1
Q
there are different types of __ __ across the invertebrate groups
A
nervous systems
2
Q
adaptations in invertebrates
A
special sensory
3
Q
Three types of nervous system in invertebrates
A
- Simple nervous system
- Ganglia-based nervous system
- Complex nervous system
4
Q
mini brains of simpler animals
A
ganglia
5
Q
nervous systems contribute to __
A
adaptations
6
Q
Simple Nervous Systems
A
- Nerve Net
- Radial Nerve System
7
Q
- a diffuse network of neurons with no central brain
- simple reflexes and behaviors
- present in cnidarians
A
nerve net
8
Q
what does the nerve net allow
A
simple reflexes and behavior
9
Q
where are nerve nets present
A
cnidarians
10
Q
nerve nets allow cnidarians to respond to stimuli in __ __
A
every direction
11
Q
- nerve cords without a true brain
- central nerve ring that coordinates movement
- allows coordination of limbs independently
- present in echinoderms
A
radial nerve system
12
Q
radial nerve system
A
radial nerve cords without a true brain
13
Q
coordinates movement in radial nerve system
A
central nerve ring
14
Q
where is the radial nerve system present
A
echinoderms
15
Q
Ganglia-Based Nervous Systems
A
- Bilateral type
- Centralized brain, segmented ganglia
16
Q
- bilateral symmetry with nerve cords and cerebral ganglia
- ganglia acts as a simple brain coordinating body movement
- require a more organized system
- present in flatworms
A
bilateral type
17
Q
bilateral type
A
- bilateral symmetry with
- nerve cords and
- cerebral ganglia
18
Q
acts as a simple brain coordinating body movement in the bileral type
A
ganglia
19
Q
where is bilateral type present
A
flatworms
20
Q
Parts of the bilateral types
A
- cerebral ganglia
- longitudinal nerve cords
- transverse commissure
- peripheral nerve plexus
21
Q
- complex behaviors due to more developed nervous systems
- present in arthropods
A
centralized brain, segmented ganglia
22
Q
what do organisms with centralized brain, segemented ganglia have
A
complex behaviors
23
Q
where are centralized brain, segmented ganglia present
A
arthropods
24
Q
example of advanced behavior of organisms with centralized brain and segmented ganglia
A
- rapid motion
- swimming
- flying
25
Parts of centralized brain, segmented ganglia
1. brain
2. ventral nerve cord
3. segmental ganglia
26
- advanced nervous systems with large brains and optic lobes
- capable of learning, memory, and problem solving
- develop eyes similar to vertebrates
- observed in cephalopods
complex nervous system
27
what does the complex nervous system have
- large brains
- optic lobes
28
what is the complex nervous system capable of
- learning
- memory
- problem solving
29
what did the organisms with complex nervous systems develop
eyes similar to vertebrates
30
where can complex nervous systems be observed
cephalopods
31
Sensory Adaptations in Invertebrates
1. chemoreception
2. photoreception
3. mechanoreception
4. thermoreception
5. hydroreception
32
- detecting chemicals in the environment
- e.g. antennae in insects
chemoreception
33
example of where chemoreception can be found
antennae in insects
34
- detecting light using simple eyes or compound eyes
- e.g. insects, mollusks
photoreception
35
example of where photoreception can be found
- insects
- mollusks
36
- sensing physical stimuli, such as touch and pressure
- e.g. tactile hairs in arthropods
mechanoreception
37
example of where mechanoreception can be found
tactile hairs in arthropods
38
- detecting temperature changes
- e.g. pit organs in some arthropods
thermoreception
39
example of where thermoreception can be found
pit organs in some arthropods
40
detecting level of moisture
hydroreception
41
Inverts with Specialized Sensory Systems
1. insects
2. cephalopods
3. crustaceans
42
specialized sensory system in insects
compound eyes
43
what do compound eyes provide
- wide field of vision
- detect fast movements
44
each of the optical units that make up a compound eye, as of an insect.
ommatidium
45
parts of the ommatidium
- facet
- lens
- photoreceptor
46
specialized sensory system in cephalopods
eyes with advanced lens systems
47
what do the eyes with advanced lens systems for
sharp vision underwater
48
specialized sensory system in crustaceans
statocysts
49
what are statocysts for
detecting balance and orientation in water
50
Different types of invertebrates which adapted to extreme environments
1. deep-sea invertebrates
2. desert invertebrates
3. hydrothermal vent invertebrates
51
adapted to detect faint light or bioluminescence
deep-sea invertebrates
52
e.g. of deep-sea invertebrates
deep-sea squid
53
enhanced chemoreception to detect water sources
desert invertebrates
54
e.g. of desert invertebrates
desert ants
55
- reduced reliance on vision
- adapted to detect chemical gradients
hydrothermal vent invertebrates
56
Groundwater invertebrates' adaptations:
ice caves & sub-glacial aquifers
- cold tolerance
- cryoprotectants
57
Groundwater invertebrates' adaptations:
thermal & hot springs
- heat tolerance
- heat shock proteins (HSP) increase
- hormonal regulation by catecholamines
58
Groundwater invertebrates' adaptations:
lava tubes & volcanic caves
- resistance to hypoxia
- salinity tolerance
- tolerance to H2S
59
Groundwater invertebrates' adaptations:
sulfide-rich aquifiers
- regulating internal H2S levels
- avoidance and exclusion
- symbiosis with bacteria
60
what did octopuses demonstrate according to a case study
- problem-solving
- tool use
- ability to escape from enclosures
61
what did complex brain structure allow in octopus
learning and adaptability in varied environments
