Lecture 1

Question 1

changes in human lifespan

Answer 1

in 1800, lifespan was 40, now 70. increase nutrition, access to water, sanitation, economic growth, peri, post and neonatal care, vaccines, medicine. Increase in life expectancy has caused aged populationand decreased reproduction rates

Question 2

Heart deterioration

Answer 2

Decrease: number of cardiocyes, sinoatrial pacemakers, strength and elasticity of cardiac walls.

Hypertrophy of muscle cells and fibrosis = decrease in ventricular dimensions

Question 2

Brain deterioration

Answer 2

decrease: brain volume, mylean sheath, temporal lobe, hippocampus volume

**increase in ventricular volume and grey matter volume decreases

Question 3

muskuloskeletal volume

Answer 3

Increase in brittleness (change in bone mineral density and protein matrix, fat tissue

Decrease: muscle mass/formation, myoin fast fibres, thickness and resillience of cartilage, thickness of intervertebral disks

Question 4

disparities in men and women

Answer 4

females live longer than males as they are more robust to mortality than males

Question 5

non-human models

Answer 5

C-elgens are used to short lifespan. good to model changes over lifespan in short time.