Lecture 17 Flashcards
(15 cards)
stroke clinical manifestation and diagnostics
Sudden and complete blockage → sudden onset of symptoms:
Headache
Confusion
Unilateral weakness or paralysis (depends on whether the left or right hemisphere is affected)
Numbness or weakness → Anterior cerebral artery involvement
Blurred vision → Posterior cerebral artery involvement
Slurred speech → Left frontal lobe
Difficulty understanding speech → Left temporal lobe
Non-contrast imaging (e.g., CT) can determine stroke type:
Ischaemic stroke appears as a darker area
Haemorrhagic stroke shows visible blood accumulation
T1 MI
Most common. Plaque rupture or thrombosis
T2 MI
O2 supply -demand imbalance that hasn’t come from plaque or thrombosis (brachycardia, tachycardia and anaemia)
T3 MI
Death w/o ischemic biomarkers
T4 MI
Death following percutaneous coronary event
T5 MI
Death following coronary artery bypass graft
Non-specific MI
Reflective of sympathetic response incl. nausea, pallor and fatigue. More women experience
ECG
Used to diagnose as necrosis impacts electrical conductance. Can show ST elevation or STMI or arrhythmia.
MI biomarkers
Necrosis releases cardiac-specific proteins (cardiac troponin 1 and creatine Kinase M+B) which should not show up in blood unless MI occurs
complications following MI
Death (if not resolved quickly with reperfusion therapy
stroke: seizures, neurological deficit, hydrocephalus
MI: Arrythmia, pericarditis, myocardial rupture, ventricular aneurysm, heart failure.
increase risk of follow up strokes and MI
Left anterior descending artery
Plaque developing in left anterior descending artery. Perfuses left anterior wall and septum
Right coronary artery
30-40%. Perfuses left ventricular posterior wall and septum.
Left circumflex artery
Perfuses left ventricular lateral wall. Death of myocytes influenced by length of ischemic attack. It influences endocardium the most and capacity to pump O2 into circulation.
