Lecture 8

Question 1

aetiology

Answer 1

initiating cause e.g type of bacterial infection

Question 2

morphology

Answer 2

changes to cells induced by disease

Question 3

pathogenesis

Answer 3

sequence of events that lead to development of symptoms

Question 4

clinical manifestation

Answer 4

symptoms

Question 5

scope and impact of genetic disorders

Answer 5

lifetime frequency of genetic disease is 670 per 1000, affecting ~8% of population. Up to 50% of early miscarriages have an underlying chromosomal abnormality. 1% of all newborns have chromosomal abnormality. 5% individuals before age 25 develop a serious illness with genetic origin.

Question 6

polymorphyism

Answer 6

presence of two or more variant forms of specific DNA sequence (detectable in 1% of population)

Question 7

complex multigene disorders

Answer 7

multiple polymorphism inherited, each with a modest effect and low penetrance which coinherited and cause disease when combined with environmental impacts

Question 8

micronutrients

Answer 8

13 vitamins necessary for health. Fat soluble (A,D,E,K) and H2O soluble. some can be endrogenously synthesised (D,K, biotin and niacin). Adequate supply of vitamins is essential for health. Mineral/trace elements: P, Na, Cu, Mg, Zn