Lecture 21 Flashcards
(16 cards)
Non-pharmaceutical interventions
Series of actions which are not pharmaceutical related that can prevent and manage disease including diagnosis, monitoring, treatment and rehab to increase human health
COVID-19 Preventions
- social distancing
- self-isolation
- masks
- Hygiene
- Restriction of public meetings
Impacted work, economy and social life
Healthy lifestyle
nutrition, PE, sleep, hydration, vitamins/minerals were found to increase and decrease COVID-19 severity.
COVID-19 Diagnosis
Early diagnosis = early intervention = increase recovery = control spread
symptom checking, rapid antigen test = non-clinical
RT-PCR and CT scan = clinic/pathology
specificity and sensitivity of the tests
RAT has sensitivity of 80%, RT-PCR has sensitivity of 90%. Both have 97% specificity
specificity
A test’s ability to correctly identify individuals w/o a disease as negative, decreases false positives.
true negative/true negative+false positives
Sensitivity
A test’s ability to diagnose individuals decreases false negatives.
true positives/true positives+false negatives
therefore, RAT misses 20% true positives and misdiagnoses 3% patients.
COVID-19 treatments
Majority are pharmaceutical based. Non-pharm provide alternative treatment for patients who dont respond to treatment and work synergistically with pharm. They can keep nutrition and hydration high, use biomarkers to monitor progress and helps decide medication, medical devices.
Biomarkers
Molecules (proteins, metabolites etc) measurable indicators of some biological state/condition. e.g BGLs for diabetes
Lymphocyte count
low levels = severe disease and poor outcomes
C-reactive protein
Elevated CRP = severe COVID guide the need for anti-inflammatory treatments
IL-6, ferritin
increases levels = severe COVID, guide the need for anti-inflammatory treatments
Ventilator
Machine that mechanically breaths for patient. Invasive or non-invasive. Crucial for maintaining patient’s life, decreases work for lungs allowing recovery, provides clean, high-quality air (infectious control), sufficient O2 to support and assist recovery, 57.3% patients survived.
surgical treatment
lung transplant (single lung, lobe or bilateral). Live donors can contribute one ling or one lobe. Dead donors can donate both. >90% at 3 months and 1yr for COVID. Long waitlist 2yrd.
Emerging COVID non-pharm treatments
- tissue engineering
- AI for telehealth and image analysis
COVID rehab
Ongoing activity to regain strength, restore mobility and function, increase independence and enhance QOL. Regain intervention provides mental health support, physical activities, online
