Lecture 1

Question 1

catabolic pathway

Answer 1

large to small. releasing energy. Strategy to extract electrons to be delivered for ETC.

Question 2

anabolic pathway

Answer 2

small to large. requires input of energy and reducing power

Question 3

kinases

Answer 3

catalyse phosphorylation reactions (+phosphate group)

Question 4

Phosphatase

Answer 4

catalyse dephosphorylation (-phosphate)

Question 5

Phosphorylases

Answer 5

catalyse phosphorolysis reactions (use phosphate group to break things down)

Question 6

Synthase

Answer 6

catalyse condensation reaction which does not require a nucleotide triphosphate

Question 7

synthetases

Answer 7

catalyse condensation reaction which requires a nucleotide triphosphate

Question 8

Dehydrogenases

Answer 8

catalyse REDOX reactions usually involve NAD+/FAD as cofactors.

Question 9

NAD+/NADH

Answer 9

NAD+ acts on alcohol group, converting it to a carbonyl group. NAD+ becomes NADH and a proton from the alcohol is freed

Question 10

FAD/FADH2

Answer 10

FAD converts alkanes to alkenes. The two cleaved off H join to FAD to become FADH2.

Question 11

Coenzyme A

Answer 11

carrier of acyl groups. Great for trapping metabolites in a cell especially fatty acids via esterification on the end of the chain.

acetyl CoA= CoA + acetyl

Question 12

Fatty Acid

Answer 12

full of energy, hydrophobic (tightly packed together), stored as triglycerides/fat where 3 fatty acids are esterified onto a glycerol. Not used by brain. When they are broken down, 2 C chunks of acetyl CoA are removed (strip H+/e-). FAD and NADH reduced

Question 13

Glucose

Answer 13

Stored as glycogen (highly branched, full of energy). Very hydrophilic therefore only stored in liver and muscles. Universal energy source. Glycolysis breaks glucose to 2 x 3C pyruvates

Question 14

Proteins

Answer 14

Only broken down if starving. Inefficient as it costs ATP to remove O2.