Lecture 1

Question 1

Hypsibius dujardini

Answer 1

• multicellular microscopic organism

- aka tardigrades

Question 2

Florence nightgale

Answer 2

“Founder of modern nursing”

• established nursing education by writing the first book on the subject in 1960

Question 3

Prokaryotic microbes (+’s)

Answer 3

- Good for:
nutrient recycling 
sewage treatment 
food production
industrial biotechnology

Question 4

Classification of microbes (various ways to classify microbes)

Answer 4

physical characteristic
- shape, staining, arrangement, oxygen, pH, temp requirements, ability to form spores, motility
biochemical tests
- fermentation of carbohydrates, production of specific products

serological test

- reaction with specific antibodies 


Question 5

Methanogen

Answer 5

unique to archaea
generate methane

archaea are cultivated to produce methane (a natural gas) by breaking down waste products

Question 6

Louis Pasteur

Answer 6

• proved yeast is responsible for fermentation
• pasteurization
• formed germ theory
  — did NOT prove it

Question 7

Virus (replication)

Answer 7

• Take over host replication machinery to multiply

- known as obligate parasite

Question 8

Ignaz Semmelweis

Answer 8

Invented hand washing

Question 9

Thermophile

Answer 9

heat loving archaea

grow near extremely hot environments (hot springs)

Question 10

Microbiology

Answer 10

Branch of biology that deals with microorganisms and their effect on living organisms

Question 11

Hyphae

Answer 11

Long chains of cells in a mold (fungi)

Question 12

Diatoms

Answer 12

• type of algae

- cell wall contains silicon

Question 13

Prokaryotic microbes (features)

Answer 13

• unicellular and lack nuclei
• reproduce asexually
• incredibly diverse and can live in any type of environment

2 types:

• bacteria
• archaea

Question 14

Fungi (eu or pro/func)

Answer 14

• eukaryotes

- decompose organism matter

Question 15

Microorganisms size comparison

Answer 15

Protozoa > algae > fungi > bacteria/archaea > virus

Question 16

Robert Koch

Answer 16

Achievement

• simple staining technique
• aseptic technique (hand washing)
• Petri dish
• proved germ theory (Koch’s 4 postulates)

Question 17

Halophiles

Answer 17

salt loving archaea

grow in high salt concentration

Question 18

Algae (characterized by…)

Answer 18

Basis of:

• pigmentation
• storage product
• composition of cell wall

Question 19

Immunology

Answer 19

Study immune system

- how our immune system fights disease

Question 20

Fungi (cell wall)

Answer 20

Contains chitin

• chitin is the defining feature of a fungi
• chitin is made up of polysaccharide

Question 21

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 21

• credited to discovering microbial world
• designed simple microscope
• saw animalcules (likely Protozoa)

Question 22

Archaea (types)

Answer 22

1. Methanogen
2. Halophile
3. Thermophile

Question 23

Phycology

Answer 23

Study of algae

Question 24

Carolus Linnaeus

Answer 24

Developed taxonomic system for naming plant and animals and grouping similar organism together

Question 25

Mycology

Answer 25

Study of fungi

Question 26

Prokaryotic microbes (-‘s)

Answer 26

- produce disease that affect all forms of life

Question 27

Fungi (type)

Answer 27

2 types: - yeast — unicellular - mold — multicellular (hyphae)

Question 28

Rank below species level

Answer 28

- strain - morphotype - serotype

Question 29

Protozoa (classified using...)

Answer 29

Type of motion: - pseudopod - flagella - cilia

Question 30

Disciplines in microbiology

Answer 30

- bacteriology - parasitology - virology - protozoology - mycology - phycology - immunology

Question 31

Virology

Answer 31

Study of virus

Question 32

Archaea (features)

Answer 32

1. No peptidoglycan 2. Unusual lipids in membrane 3. Unique nucleotide sequence in rRNA - none are known to cause disease

Question 33

Joseph lister

Answer 33

“Father of antiseptic surgery” - made link between sterile surgical instruments and clean wounds

Question 34

Disease caused by virus

Answer 34

influenza warts rabies

Question 35

Edward Jeanner

Answer 35

Injected pus taken from Sarah Nelmes (milkmaid with cow pox) into a boy to rid him of smallpox

Question 36

Bacteria (defining feature)

Answer 36

(Prokaryote) - cell wall contains peptidoglycan — some may not

Question 37

Protozoa (cell wall)

Answer 37

Usually non existent

Question 38

John snow

Answer 38

Hypothesized that cholera was spread by contaminated water

Question 39

Koch’s 4 postulate

Answer 39

1. Bacteria has to be present in all cases studied 2. Isolate a pure culture of bacteria 3. Introduce (the cultivated) bacteria to a healthy individual 4. Isolate bacteria from the second individual and confirm it is the same bacteria that was cultivated and the one that causes the disease

Question 40

Viruses

Answer 40

- Not prokaryotic or eukaryotic | - genome made out of DNA or RNA (not both)

Question 41

Protozoology

Answer 41

Study of single celled eukaryotic organism

Question 42

Paul ehrlich

Answer 42

Magic bullets - help immune system

Question 43

Algae (features)

Answer 43

- Unicellular or multicellular - photosynthetic - simple reproductive system