Lecture 11/12 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Source of Polymyxin B
Bacillus polymyxa
Mechanism of Polymyxin B
binds cell membrane components, alters membrane permeability
Polymyxin B effectiveness
Effective agains gram (-) bacteria
Nalidixic acid mechanism
(quinolone)
- inhibits DNA gyrase
Nalidixic acid effectiveness
Only for bacteria that cause UTI
Ciprofloxacin, and Norofloxaxin mechanism
(flouroquinolones)
- inhibit DNA gyrase
Ciprofloxacin, and Norofloxaxin
effectiveness
- and side affects
- effective against more than UTI
- bad side effect: cause tendonitis
Rifampin mechanism
inhibits RNA synthesis
Rifampin
effectiveness
and side affect
(mycobacteria)
- - tuberculosis
- - leprosy
- meningitis
side affect: red body secretion (red pee)
Bacteria that inhibit cell wall synthesis
- Penicillins
- Cephalosporins
- Bacitracin
- Vancomycin
- Cycloserine
Bacteria that inhibit mycolic acid synthesis
- Isoniazid
- Ethambutol
Penicillin mechanism
- disrupt cross linkage of NAM
Penicillin
effectiveness and side affect
- effective agains gram (+)
- side affect:
clergies and bacteria are sometiems resistant
Cephalosporin examples
- cephalexin
- cephalothins
Cephalosporin
effectiveness
- when penicillin cannot be used
Bacitracin mechanism
interferes with bactoprenol (protein used to transport out NAG and NAM proteins)
Vancomycin and Cyclorserin mechanism
- interferes with alanine-alanine bridges that cross link NAM subunits
Sulfonamides mechanism
- inhibit folic acid production (which is used for nucleic acid synthesis)
antibacterial that target Protein synthesis
- Tetracyclines
- Aminoglycosides
- Macrolides
- Chloramphenicol
Aminoglycosides source
Streptomyces
– strptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin
micromonospora purpurea
– genetamicin
AMinoglycoside mechanism
prevents reading of mRNA by binding to 30s subunit
Macrolides source
saccharopholyspora erythreae
– produces erythromycin
Macrolides effectiveness
Gram +/- and mycoplasm
Macrolides mechanism
binds to 50s and inhibits peptide elongation
