Lecture 16

Question 1

what makes CNS axenic?

Answer 1

blood-brain barrier

Question 2

Meningococcal Meningitis (causative agent)

Answer 2

• Neisseria meningitidis

- Gram-negative diplococci

Question 3

Two Nesseria species pathogenic to humans

Answer 3

• N. gonorrhoeae

- N. meningitidis

Question 4

Meningococcal Meningitis (virulence factor)

Answer 4

• Fimbriae + TypeIV pili - adhesion
• Capsule – allows bacteria to evade/survive phagocytosis
• Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) – like LPS contains endotoxin (Lipid A) – toxic, causing inflammation

Question 5

Meningococcal Meningitis (how it becomes a pathogen)

Answer 5

invades blood through respiratory system

Question 6

Septecemia

Answer 6

• presence of microorganism or their toxin in blood

Question 7

Meningococcal Meningitis (Diagnosis)

Answer 7

• diagnosed via CSF spinal tap

- presence of bacteria will make CSF cloudy rather than clear

Question 8

Meningococcal Meningitis (treatment)

Answer 8

• Celphalosporins
• Rifampin
• vaccine: menactra

Question 9

Listeriosis (causative agnet)

Answer 9

• Listeriosis monocytogenes

- G + coccobacillus

Question 10

Listeriosis (transmission)

Answer 10

• contaminated food (unpasteurized milk/ cold cut meat)

- ubiquitous microorganism

Question 11

Listeriosis (pathogenicity)

Answer 11

• Intercellular transfer (invades cells without going into lumen, keeps away from immune system)

Question 12

Listeriosis (virulence factor)

Answer 12

• Listerioysin O
• • breaks open phagosome/endosome (vacuole)
• internalins
• • adhesion with macrophage

Question 13

Leprosy (Hansens disease) Causative agnet

Answer 13

• Mycobacterium leprae

Question 14

Leprosy (trasmission)

Answer 14

• slow transmission

- - person has to be in contact with with pathogen for years

Question 15

Leprosy (pathogenicity)

Answer 15

• intracellular pathogen of peripheral nervous system
• also grows in armadillos based on the genetic similarity of bacteria taken from armadillos and humans in the southern United States

Question 16

Leprosy (virulence factor)

Answer 16

(just like tuberculosis Mycobactrium tuberculosis):
- Chord factor

• Mycolic acid
• grows at extremities where temp is relatively cooler (30 c)

Question 17

two forms of leprosy

Answer 17

• Tuberculoid Leprosy

- Lepromatous Leprosy

Question 18

Tuberculoid leprosy

Answer 18

• Non progressive
• Results in loss of sensation in extremities
• persons immune system is able to fight it

Question 19

Lepromatous Leprosy

Answer 19

• Progressive tissue damage

- Results in loss of tissue (disfigurement)

Question 20

Leprosy (diagnosis)

Answer 20

• skin test w/ leprosy antigen

- acid fast rods in

Question 21

Leprosy (treatment)

Answer 21

• Rifampin

- Daposome (sulfonamide)