Lecture 1

Question 1

What organ separates the thoracic region and the abdominopelvic region?

Answer 1

diaphragm

Question 2

Trunk Wall innervation:
Nerves- ?
Arteries-?
Veins-?

Answer 2

nerves-spinal cord
arteries-aorta
veins-IVC and azygous system

Question 3

The nipple is located at which dermatome?

Answer 3

T4

Question 4

Contains circular smooth muscle fibers that compress lactiferous ducts during lactation

Answer 4

Nipple

Question 5

Contains numerous sebaceous glands which secrete oily substance during pregnancy and nursing

Answer 5

Areola

Question 6

Attach mammary gland to dermis of overlying skin and underlying deep fascia of pectoralis muscle and helps support lobules

Answer 6

Suspensory ligaments

Question 7

Where does milk collect?

Answer 7

lactiferous sinus

Question 8

Ribs articulate with thoracic vertebrae and costal cartilage in what directions?

Answer 8

thoracic vertebrae-posteriorly

costal cartilage-anteriorly

Question 9

How many true and false ribs are there? And which ones are floating ribs?

Answer 9

true ribs-7
false ribs-5
floating ribs- 11 and 12

Question 10

How are intercostal spaces numbered?

Answer 10

by rib above

Question 11

doorway between thoracic cavity and neck and upper limb

Answer 11

superior thoracic aperture

Question 12

provides attachment for diaphragm, which protrudes upward so upper abdominal viscera receive protection from ribs

Answer 12

inferior thoracic aperture

Question 13

What are the boundaries of superior thoracic aperture

Answer 13

continuous line along body of vertebra T1, superior margins of both first ribs, and superior sternum

Question 14

What are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture?

Answer 14

• continuous line along body of vertebra T12, inferior margins of inferior-most ribs, and inferior sternum
• sealed off by diaphragm

Question 15

The umbilicus is located at which dermatome?

Answer 15

T10

Question 16

Which nerve innervates diaphragm?

Answer 16

phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)

Question 17

Identify the vertebral levels of the caval, aortic, and esophageal hiatuses.

Answer 17

T8- IVC
T10- Esophagus
T12- Aorta

Question 18

What three mechanisms increase thoracic volume?

Answer 18

• contraction of diaphragm
• increase A-P diameter by raising ribs and sternum
• increase M-L diameter by raising ribs

Question 19

(T/F) Breast is contained in the superficial fascia of the body wall

Answer 19

true

Question 20

Quadrant system designated by which two planes?

Answer 20

vertical median plane and horizontal transumbilical plane

Question 21

What organs are located in each quadrant?

• RUQ
• LUQ
• RLQ
• LLQ

Answer 21

RUQ-liver and gallbladder
LUQ-stomach and spleen
RLQ-cecum and appendix
LLQ-end of descending colon and sigmoid colon

Question 22

Region system designated by which 4 planes?

Answer 22

• 2 midclavicular lines
• subcostal line
• transtubercular line

Question 23

What are the 3 pain regions?

Answer 23

• epigastric-foregut
• umbilical-midgut
• pubic-hindgut

Question 24

What forms the rectus sheath?

Answer 24

fibers of aponeuroses of abdominal wall muscles interlace to form rectus sheath

Question 25

What is the primary vertical muscle of anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 25

rectus abdominis

Question 26

How is the rectus abdominis attached to inner surface of rectus sheath?

Answer 26

tendinous inscriptions

Question 27

abdominal wall nerves similar pattern to intercostal nerves but named differently due to lack of ribs. Nerves innervate what?

Answer 27

skin, bones, parietal pleura, and muscles they pass

Question 28

thick, under-turned inferior margin of external oblique aponeurosis

Answer 28

inguinal ligament

Question 29

``` In the inguinal region: Which layer of spermatic cord/scrotum goes with layer of anterolateral abdominal wall? -Skin -Superficial fascia -external abdominal oblique aponeurosis -internal abdominal oblique muscle -fascia from internal abdominal oblique muscle -transversus abdominis -transversalis fascia peritoneum ```

Answer 29

skin-scrotal skin superficial fascia-dartos fascia -external abdominal oblique aponeurosis-external spermatic fascia -internal abdominal oblique muscle-cremaster muscle -fascia from internal abdominal oblique muscle- cremasteric fascia -transversus abdominis- none -transversalis fascia-internal spermatic fascia peritoneum-tunica vaginalis

Question 30

entrance to inguinal canal is (deep/superficial) ring and exit is the (deep/superficial) ring

Answer 30

deep; superficial

Question 31

What are the borders of Hasselbach's Triangle?

Answer 31

rectus abdominis, inguinal ligament, and inferior epigastric vessels

Question 32

Hasselbach's triangle is reinforced posteriorly only by which muscle?

Answer 32

transversalis fascia

Question 33

What is the difference between indirect and direct hernia?

Answer 33

direct hernia does not pass through inguinal canal