Lecture 1 and 2 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is mental illness?
Clinically diagnosable disorder that significantly interferes with cognitive, emotional, or social abilities.
Define mental health
State of mental well-being that enables coping with stress, realizing abilities, working and contributing to the community.
Exists on a continuum.
What is mental hygiene?
Preserving the mind from influences that deteriorate its quality, energy, or functioning.
How does a mental disorder differ from social deviance or grief?
It reflects dysfunction in psychological, biological, or developmental processes
Normal responses or social deviance are not mental disorders.
What are the three primary classification approaches for mental disorders?
Categorical, Dimensional, Alternative.
Categorical vs. Dimensional Models – Key Difference?
Categorical = clear-cut diagnoses. Dimensional = symptoms exist on continuums.
What is the DSM-5-TR primarily based on?
A categorical model with some dimensional components.
Steps in DSM-5-TR diagnosis?
Clinical interview → Rule out medical/substance causes → Identify primary disorder → Add specifiers.
What is the Biopsychosocial model?
Dominant model in psychology/psychiatry combining biological, psychological, and social factors.
Psychoanalytic model (Freud) focus?
Unconscious influences behavior; awareness leads to recovery.
Behavioural model (Watson, Skinner) key idea?
Learning through conditioning; therapy aims to interrupt maladaptive associations.
Cognitive paradigm (Beck) focus?
Thoughts influence feelings/behavior; cognitive restructuring can reduce distress.
What is HiTOP?
A dimensional model of psychopathology emphasizing shared internalizing spectra over discrete disorders.
RDoC vs. DSM – Major Difference?
RDoC focuses on underlying domains and neurobiology, not symptoms.
What is the Power-Threat-Meaning Framework?
Views distress as a patterned response to life experiences, not medical illness.
Criticism of the Power-Threat-Meaning Framework?
Lacks empirical evidence, may stigmatize or oversimplify.
What are anti-psychiatry views (e.g., Szasz, Laing)?
Mental illness is a myth; psychiatry enforces societal norms.
Why is culture important in psychological practice?
It shapes symptom expression, diagnosis, and treatment appropriateness.
Consequences of ignoring culture in diagnosis?
Misdiagnosis, stereotyping based on race, gender, religion, etc.
Define culturally-bound syndrome.
A culture-specific cluster of symptoms with cultural explanations and treatments.
Examples of culturally-bound syndromes?
Longing for country (Indigenous), Ataque de nervios (Latino), Khyâl cap (Cambodian).
What are cultural idioms of distress?
Culture-specific expressions of suffering (e.g., “thinking too much”).
Homosexuality and the DSM – what changed?
Once pathologized, declassified due to Kinsey & Hooker’s work showing no link to dysfunction.
Hippocrates’ view on mental illness?
Rejected supernatural causes; emphasized biological/psychological factors.
