Lecture 7 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are the 7 criterions for PTSD?
A. Trauma Exposure
B. Intrusion Symptoms
C. Avoidance
D. Negative Alterations in Cognition/Mood
E. Alterations in Arousal/Reactivity
F. Duration >1 month
G. Clinically significant distress/impairment
H. Not due to substance/medical condition
PTSD subtypes?
Dissociative subtype (depersonalization/derealization), Delayed expression (criteria met 6+ months post-trauma).
PTSD 12-month prevalence?
4.4%.
Name the risk factors for PTSD pre-trauma
Female gender
High neuroticism
Young age
Lower intelligence/education
Unstable childhood family
Pre-existing mood/anxiety disorders
Family history of mood/anxiety disorders
Name the trauma-related PTSD risk factors
Interpersonal trauma
Perceived life threat
Unpredictability/uncontrollability
Duration and frequency
Name the post-trauma risk factors.
Low social support
Lack of validation
Limited processing opportunities
Name the 4 trauma response trajectories (Galatzer-Levy et al.):
Resilient class (65.7%): consistently few symptoms
Recovery class (20.8%): initial distress then gradual remission
Delayed reaction (10.6%): low initial symptoms, increase over time
Chronic distress (8.9%): consistently high symptoms
What is dissociation?
Breakdown in continuity of perception, memory, or identity—common under stress.
Ehlers & Clark’s CBT Model: What maintains PTSD?
Negative appraisals + fragmented memory → perceived current threat → arousal + avoidance/dissociation → cycle continues.
What are common PTSD memory disturbances?
Flashbacks, amnesia, disorganized memory, poor integration.
Duration of Acute Stress Disorder?
3 days to 1 month post-trauma.
What percent of road accident survivors met ASD criteria?
A: 15.8%
Complex PTSD is associated with what trauma pattern?
Chronic and repeated trauma.
What symptoms are added in complex PTSD?
Emotion dysregulation, interpersonal dysfunction, self-identity issues
Timeframe for symptom onset in Adjustment Disorder?
Within 3 months of a stressor.
How long do symptoms last in Adjustment Disorder?
No longer than 6 months after the stressor ends.
Key symptoms of Adjustment Disorder?
Excessive distress or impairment—not better explained by another disorder.
Major diagnostic issue with Adjustment Disorder?
No standardized tools; may be a “wastebasket diagnosis.”
What is moral injury?
Psychological distress from violating deeply held moral beliefs.
How is moral injury different from PTSD?
Not always fear-based like PTSD.
Moral injury affects what percentage of deployed soldiers?
5–25%.
What is the most effective treatment for PTSD?
Exposure-based therapies.
List 3 treatment barriers.
Stigma, fear of re-experiencing, lack of resources, low mental health literacy.
What is “bracket creep” in PTSD diagnosis?
Large increase in diagnoses from DSM-III-R to DSM-5 (84,645 → 636,120)
