Lecture 5 Flashcards
(38 cards)
What distinguishes psychotic disorders from one another?
Symptom configuration and duration.
What are the 5 domains of psychotic symptoms the may be abnormal in psychosis?
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganised thinking
Grossly disorganised or abnormal motor behaviour
Negative symptoms
What are delusions?
Fixed beliefs not changeable in light of conflicting evidence.
Name the 6 types of delusions.
Persecutory delusions
Referential delusions
Grandiose delusions
Erotomaniac delusions
Nihilistic delusions
Somatic delusions
What is the difference between bizarre and non-bizarre delusions?
Bizarre: implausible/unrealistic.
Non-bizarre: theoretically possible.
What is the difference between primary and secondary delusions?
Primary: arise spontaneously. Secondary: result from other pathology or experiences.
What are hallucinations?
Perception-like experiences without an external stimulus.
What is the most common type of hallucination?
Auditory.
What are signs of disorganised thinking?
Clanging - speech based on phonological association
Circumstantiality/tangiality - speech including unecessary or irrelevant detail
Flight of ideas - sequence of loosely associated concepts
Derailment - speech trains steers off-topic
Incoherence - word salad. Incomprehensible speech
Pressure of speech - excessive spontaneous speech
What is catatonia?
Marked decrease in reactivity to the environment.
What are the five core negative symptoms?
- Diminished emotional expression
- Avolition - decreased in motivated self-initiated purposeful activities
- Alogia - manifested by diminished speech output
- Anhedonia - decreased ability to experience pleasure from positive stimuli or degradation in recollection of pleasure experienced previously
- Asociality - apparent lack of interest in social interactions and may be associated with avolition, but also may be due to limited social interactions
What percentage of the general population experience psychotic symptoms?
~5%
What percentage of people with common mental disorders experience psychotic symptoms?
~25%.
What percentage of patients with psychotic disorders experience psychotic symptoms?
~80%.
How long must symptoms last for a diagnosis of brief psychotic disorder?
At least 1 day, less than 1 month.
What distinguishes delusional disorder from schizophrenia?
Only delusions, lasting ≥1 month, no major functional impairment.
Duration for schizophreniform disorder?
1 month to less than 6 months.
Duration for schizophrenia diagnosis?
Continuous signs for ≥6 months.
What distinguishes schizoaffective disorder from schizophrenia?
Major mood episode + psychotic symptoms for 2+ weeks without mood symptoms.
How many major symptoms for schizophrenia?
2+
How many major symptoms for schizophreniform?
2+
How many major symptoms for schizoaffective disorder?
2+
How many major symptoms for brief psychotic disorder?
1+
What structural brain differences are seen in schizophrenia?
Enlarged ventricles
Reduced grey/white matter in prefrontal cortex
