Lecture 6 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What connects the disorders in the DSM-5 OCD and Related Disorders Category
They all involve intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors.
What is the functional impact of OCD?
Marked distress, time-consuming (>1 hr/day), or significant interference with functioning
What are obsessions?
Persistent ideas, thoughts, impulses, or images that are intrusive, inappropriate, and cause anxiety/distress
What are compulsions?
repetitive behaviours or mental acts aimed at reducing anxiety
What are the 12-month and lifetime prevalences of OCD?
1.2% and 2.3%
Average age of onset for OCD?
~19 years
What is the course of OCD?
Usually fluctuating, 50% of cases chronic
What is the Cognitive-Behavioural Model?
Starting Point: Intrusive thoughts are normal (80% of population experiences them)
Key Difference: Certain individuals place excessive meaning on these thoughts
Response Pattern: Avoidance, suppression, or ritualization increases vigilance and reinforces the cycle
Cycle: Trigger → Obsession → Anxiety → Compulsion → Temporary Relief → Increased vigilance
Intrusive thoughts become obsessions when evaluated as:
Overly important
Highly threatening
Requiring complete control
Necessitating high certainty
Associated with perfection
What is the cycle of OCD?
Trigger → Obsession → Anxiety → Compulsion → Relief → Vigilance
Core feature of Body Dysmorphic Disorder?
Preoccupation with imagined or slight appearance flaws.
Common behaviors in Body Dysmorphic Disorder?
Repetitive behaviours (mirror checking) or mental acts (comparing appearance)
Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder?
0.7-2.4%
Age of onset of Body Dysmorphic Disorder?
Mean age 16-17, usually diagnosed 10-15 years later
What percent of Body Dysmorphic Disorder attempt suicide?
~25%
Cognitive features in Body Dysmorphic Disorder?
Negative self-evaluation, overvaluation of appearance, rumination
What is Trichotillomania?
Recurrent hair pulling leading to hair loss.
What is Excoriation Disorder?
Recurrent skin picking causing lesions.
Two subtypes of the behaviours found in Trichotillomania and Excoriation Disorder?
Automatic (unaware)
Focused (aware, urge-driven)
Psychological motivators of Trichotillomania and Excoriation Disorder?
Regulation of arousal, stress relief, stimulation.
Key psychological treatment for these disorders?
Exposure therapy—learning feared stimulus is tolerable
What factor is crucial for successful treatment?
Motivation
What percent of people experience intrusive thoughts?
Up to 80%.
What percent engage in ritualized behaviors?
Over 50%.
