Lecture 3 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Difference between fear and anxiety?
Fear = response to immediate threat
Anxiety = anticipation of future threat.
Common features of anxiety disorders?
Excessive fear
Anxiety
Avoidance
DSM-5 anxiety disorders include?
Separation Anxiety, Selective Mutism, Specific Phobia, Social Anxiety, Panic, Agoraphobia, GAD.
What disorders were moved out of DSM-5 anxiety section?
OCD and PTSD.
CBT components for anxiety treatment?
Cognitive: Psychoeducation, reappraisal, problem-solving
Behavioral: Exposure, behavioral experiments, relaxation, skills training
Define specific phobia.
Marked, out-of-proportion fear of a specific object/situation causing avoidance/distress.
Most common specific phobias?
Animals, heights, closed spaces, flying.
Etiology of specific phobias?
Classical conditioning of fear to a neutral stimulus.
Best way to treat specific phobia?
Exposure therapy
How many major symptoms for panic attack? Within what time period?
4+ peaking within 10 minutes
Symptoms to diagnose panic disorder?
Recurrent panic attacks
1+ months of worry about attacks, worry about implications of attacks, significant behavioural change due to attacks.
How to treat panic disorder?
CBT, SSRIs, SNRIs, benzodiazepines
How to diagnose agoraphobia?
Fear/anxiety about 2+ situations
(public transport, open spaces, enclosed places, standing in crowds, being outside home alone)
What percent of agoraphobia patients relapse, and what percent have another mental disorder?
36%, and 96%
How many major symptoms should be present and for how long to warrant a generalised anxiety disorder diagnosis?
3+ symptoms, for 6+ months
Female:Male ratio of generalised anxiety disorder?
2:1
What does the Avoidance Model (Borkovec) propose about worry?
Worry is an ineffective attempt at cognitive problem-solving
Helps avoid aversive somatic and emotional experiences.
What are the key ideas in the Intolerance of Uncertainty Model?
Uncertainty is seen as stressful
Worry is believed to help cope or prevent feared outcomes.
What is the purpose of worry in the Contrast Avoidance Model?
Worry maintains a steady state of negative emotion to avoid sharp emotional contrasts, especially sudden negative shifts.
What role does “meta-worry” play in the Meta-Cognitive Model?
People initially believe worry is helpful
Later develop worry about worrying (meta-worry), leading to failed thought control and helplessness.
What are the four types of factors in the Biopsychosocial Model?
Predisposing
Precipitating
Perpetuating
Protective
