Lecture 10

Question 1

What do mesenchymal cells do normally in normal development in the body?

Answer 1

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Question 2

What are embryonic stem cells? Where are they derived from?

Answer 2

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Question 3

Can the environment alter the cells? What does this mean for embryonic stem cells?

Answer 3

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Question 4

Define Somatic cell?

Answer 4

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Question 5

Define Nuclear?

Answer 5

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Question 6

Define Transfer?

Answer 6

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Question 7

What is the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) experiment? What did it show? What were the steps?

Answer 7

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Question 8

Why was Dolly the sheep a break through? What did this show?

Answer 8

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Question 9

How did they make Dolly?

Answer 9

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Question 10

What is the problem with SCNT?

Answer 10

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Question 11

What is the future potential of SCNT in humans?

Answer 11

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Question 12

What about SCNT in humans? Concerns?

Answer 12

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Question 13

What is a problem with SCNT in humans? What solved this?

Answer 13

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Question 14

What is the timeline so far with SCNT?

Answer 14

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Question 15

What are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)? When were they discovered? What was used?

Answer 15

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Question 16

What are the comparisons between embryonic stem cells, Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer and Induced Pluripotent Stem cells? 
		a. Level of potency 
		b. Resources needed 
		c. Cell Replacement
Healthy/ Disease

Answer 16

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Question 17

What was the rationale behind iPSCs?

Answer 17

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Question 18

How to test whether something is contributing to the maintenance of the embryonic stem cell phenotype?

Answer 18

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Question 19

How was this test used to work out which transcription factors lead to ESCs?

Answer 19

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Question 20

How did they narrow down the number of factors? What experiment was done?

Answer 20

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Question 21

What were the final number of factors? What were they?

Answer 21

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Question 22

What other potential ways to make iPSCs?

Answer 22

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Question 23

What do most people use though?

Answer 23

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Question 24

What is the method to make iPSCs?

Answer 24

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Question 25

How long does the process take? How to identify iPSCs?

Answer 25

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Question 26

How to check whether the cells are good? What can happen?

Answer 26

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Question 27

If healthy with no mutations then what need to check to validate the authenticity of iPSCs?

Answer 27

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Question 28

How to check whether a cell is pluripotent?

Answer 28

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Question 29

What are the different pluripotent markers to check for?

Answer 29

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Question 30

What is the methylation to check for?

Answer 30

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Question 31

How to check for differentiation? What are the two methods?

Answer 31

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Question 32

How to check whether the iPSCs can contribute to the germ line? What experiment was done?

Answer 32

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Question 33

Why are iPSCs useful?

Answer 33

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