Lecture 15

Question 1

What happens to a drug after it is ingested? What is the journey it takes through?

Answer 1

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Question 2

What does reduced adsorption of the drug across the gut lead to?

Answer 2

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Question 3

What is first pass metabolism?

Answer 3

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Question 4

What is a pro-drug?

Answer 4

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Question 5

What are the different ways in which drugs are administrated, distributed and eliminated? What is the flow chart between them?

Answer 5

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Question 6

What is drug recall? How often does it happen? What are the reasons?

Answer 6

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Question 7

What are the main adverse effects which lead to drug recall?

Answer 7

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Question 8

What is hepatotoxicity?

Answer 8

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Question 9

What is Cardiotoxicity?

Answer 9

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Question 10

What is Nephrotoxicity?

Answer 10

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Question 11

What is Dermatological toxicity?

Answer 11

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Question 12

How likely to predict how badly someone would respond to a drug?

Answer 12

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Question 13

What can multiple organs together on a chip be used for?

Answer 13

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Question 14

How to check the effects of a failing kidney?

Answer 14

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Question 15

How to check whether the metabolites from the liver is toxic to the heart?

Answer 15

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Question 16

How to check whether other organs/tissues are affects by a particular drug?

Answer 16

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Question 17

What about warfare? How are organs on chips be able to be used for it?

Answer 17

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Question 18

Where is the research going with organs on chips?

Answer 18

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Question 19

What needs to be considered if focusing on integrating systems onto one chip?

Answer 19

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Question 20

What cell types can be inputted into organ chips? What would this mean the future of?

Answer 20

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Question 21

What is an example of integration of organs together onto one chip? What were they focusing on?

Answer 21

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Question 22

What were the requirements of the system therefore?

Answer 22

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Question 23

How was the bioassay developed? What is the structure like?

Answer 23

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Question 24

What were the specific target cells?

Answer 24

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Question 25

What were the goals?

Answer 25

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Question 26

Why this system may not be the best and is faulted at some point? What is a solution to this especially in the context of breast cancer cells?

Answer 26

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Question 27

How did they assemble and develop the bioassay system representing the intestine, liver and breast cancer tissue?

Answer 27

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Question 28

What are the ways in which the Bioassay could be assessed whether the different cell types are doing anything?

Answer 28

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Question 29

What were the two drugs which was used to test the system?

Answer 29

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Question 30

What did the system show about the two drugs?

Answer 30

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Question 31

What does this mean about the system?

Answer 31

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Question 32

How could the system be improved though?

Answer 32

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Question 33

What are other groups trying to do to make a system in a different way?

Answer 33

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Question 34

What is the problem with this?

Answer 34

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Question 35

What are the goals?

Answer 35

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Question 36

What is the vascular network like in actual tissues? How does this pose a problem for the development of a chip system replicating this?

Answer 36

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Question 37

What is the goal when developing a system including the vascular system?

Answer 37

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Question 38

What is a way in which vascular system could be integrated?

Answer 38

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Question 39

What are 3D sacrificial moulding?

Answer 39

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Question 40

What is the criteria for 3D sacrificial moulding? What material satisfies these criteria?

Answer 40

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Question 41

What is a problem with the currently developed 3D sacrificial moulding lattices?

Answer 41

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Question 42

What is the method of the hepatic vascular system?

Answer 42

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Question 43

How was the hepatic vascular system's efficacy tested? What was the experiment? What did it show?

Answer 43

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Question 44

In what way did the hepatic vascular system mimic the actual vascular system well?

Answer 44

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Question 45

How did the hepatic vascular system not mimic the actual vascular system well?

Answer 45

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Question 46

How was this problem overcome?

Answer 46

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Question 47

What was goal 2? How to create a diverse pool?

Answer 47

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Question 48

What happens if you have a skin biopsy from a patient? How do you generate several organs on chips for cross comparison?

Answer 48

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Question 49

How to difference IPSCs into cells of interest i.e. hepatocytes? What were the problem with these hepatocytes?

Answer 49

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Question 50

How was this problem solved?

Answer 50

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Question 51

What helped the foetal like hepatocytes mature?

Answer 51

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Question 52

How was the integrated cardiac and liver made?

Answer 52

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Question 53

What is this integrated cardiac and liver model show?

Answer 53

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