Lecture 10 and 11(muscles)

Question 1

List the 4 unique properties of muscle tissue

Answer 1

Excitability
Contractility
Elasticity
Extensibility

Question 2

Explain excitability

Answer 2

Muscle cells are responsive to input from stimuli

Question 3

Explain Contractility

Answer 3

Stimulation of muscle fibre can lead to contraction and shortening of the muscle fibre

Question 4

Explain elasticity

Answer 4

A contracted muscle cell can return to resting length when applied tension is removed

Question 5

Explain Extensibility

Answer 5

The ability of a muscle fibre to be stretched beyond its resting length

Question 6

What are the functions of skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 6

• Body movement
• Maintenance of posture
• Temperature regulation
• Storage and movement of materials
• Support

Question 7

Describe the levels of organization in a skeletal muscle

Answer 7

Muscle

Fascicles are a bundle of muscle fibres

Muscle fibres
contain myofibrils

Myofibrils are composed of myofilaments

Question 8

How are muscles attached to other body structures

Answer 8

At the ends of each muscle all of the connective tissue merge to form a tendon which attaches the muscle to bone, skin or another muscle

Question 9

Where are muscles attached to other body structures

Answer 9

Most muscles extend over a joint and have attachments to

both articulating bones of that joint

Question 10

What are the three types of muscles in the human body

Answer 10

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Question 11

Describe skeletal muscle

Answer 11

Attached to bones or sometimes skin

Striated

Voluntary

Question 12

Describe cardiac muscle

Answer 12

Found within heart wall

Striated

Involuntary

Question 13

Describe smooth muscle

Answer 13

Found in the walls of hollow organs and blood vessels

No striations

Involuntary

Question 14

Appearance skeletal

Answer 14

Long cylindrical fibre

Question 15

Appearance cardiac

Answer 15

Short branched cell

Question 16

Appearance smooth

Answer 16

Spindle shaped cell

Question 17

Name the four organizational patterns in fascicles.

Answer 17

Circular
Parallel
Convergent
Pennate

Question 18

Describe skeletal muscle fibre organisation

Answer 18

Muscle fibres are organised into fascicles within a muscle

Question 19

How are muscle named, name the different criteria’s

Answer 19

• Muscle action
• Specific body regions
• Muscle attachments
• Orientation of muscle fibres
• Muscle shape and size
• Muscle heads/tendons of origin

Question 20

What are the muscle of facial expression

Answer 20

Orbicularis oris

Orbicularis oculi

Question 21

Describe orbicularis oris/function

Answer 21

compresses and purses lips

Question 22

Describe Orbicularis oculi

Answer 22

closes eye lids; winking, blinking, squinting

Question 23

What are the muscles of mastication

Answer 23

Temporalis, Masseter

Pterygoid muscles

Buccinator

Question 24

Describe Temporalis, Masseter/function

Answer 24

masticatory muscles, elevates mandible

Question 25

Describe Pterygoid muscles/function

Answer 25

side to side movement during chewing

Question 26

Describe buccinator/function

Answer 26

helps push food onto the teeth during chewing

Question 27

What are the muscles of the neck

Answer 27

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 28

Describe Sternocleidomastoid/function

Answer 28

= lateral flexion and rotation; bilateral flexes neck

Question 29

What are the 3 groups that the erector spinae muscles organised into

Answer 29

Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis

Question 30

Describe Iliocostalis

Answer 30

Most lateral group composed of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar parts

Question 31

Describe Longissimus

Answer 31

Composed of capitis, cervical, and thoracic parts

Question 32

Describe Spinalis

Answer 32

Most medial group inserting onto the spinous processes of vertebrae; composed of cervical and thoracic parts

Question 33

What is the overall function of the muscle of the vertebral column

Answer 33

Involved in extending neck and vertebral column, and maintaining posture

Question 34

What are the muscles of respiration

Answer 34

* External intercostals * Internal intercostals * Transverse thoracis * Scalenes * Diaphragm

Question 35

Describe External intercostals

Answer 35

Elevates ribs during inhalation

Question 36

Describe Internal intercostals

Answer 36

Depresses ribs during forced exhalation

Question 37

Describe Transverse thoracis

Answer 37

Depresses ribs during exhalation

Question 38

Describe Scalenes

Answer 38

elevate the ribs (1 & 2) during forced inhalation

Question 39

Describe Diaphragm

Answer 39

The major muscle of respiration Contraction and relaxation cause an increase and decrease in the vertical dimensions of the thoracic cavity

Question 40

Describe external oblique

Answer 40

Most superficial lateral muscle; directed inferomedial

Question 41

Describe internal oblique

Answer 41

Middle of three lateral muscles; directed at right angle to | external oblique

Question 42

Describe transverse abdominis

Answer 42

Deepest of three lateral muscles; directed | horizontally

Question 43

Describe rectus abdominis

Answer 43

Anterior muscle connecting sternum to pubic bone; | divided into four muscle segments

Question 44

Describe unilateral action

Answer 44

lateral flexion/rotation of vertebral column

Question 45

Describe bilateral action

Answer 45

flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall; | forced exhalation

Question 46

Glenohumeral joint muscles(origin on the axial skeleton

Answer 46

Latissimus dorsi | Pectoralis major

Question 47

Describe Latissimus dorsi

Answer 47

extends shoulder; adduction and medial rotation of the | shoulder

Question 48

Describe Pectoralis major

Answer 48

flexes shoulder; adduction/medial rotation at the | shoulder

Question 49

Glenohumeral joint muscles(origins on the scapula)

Answer 49

``` Deltoid Teres major Triceps brachii Biceps brachii Rotator cuff muscles ```

Question 50

Describe deltoid

Answer 50

- fibres in 3 directions (flexion; abduction; extension)

Question 51

Describe teres major

Answer 51

extension, adduction and medial rotation

Question 52

Describe triceps brachii

Answer 52

extension of the shoulder and elbow joint

Question 53

Describe biceps brachii

Answer 53

- flexion of the shoulder and elbow joint

Question 54

Describe rotator cuff muscles

Answer 54

- stabilise the shoulder joint

Question 55

Flexors of the forearm

Answer 55

* Biceps brachii - primer flexor * Brachialis * Brachioradialis

Question 56

Extensors of the forearm

Answer 56

Triceps brachii - prime extensor