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BMS101 > Lecture 13 and 14(respiratory) > Flashcards

Lecture 13 and 14(respiratory) Flashcards

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1
Q

Components of the conducting zones of the respiratory system

A

Conducting zones

Passageway, transports air
From nose to terminal bronchioles

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2
Q

Components of the respiratory zones of the respiratory system

A

Respiratory zones

Small airways dedicated to gas exchange

From respiratory bronchioles to alveoli

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3
Q

Describe the function of the respiratory system

A

Breathing, involve both inhalation and exhalation

Sound production

Defence

Olfaction

Gas conditioning(warmed,humidified,cleansed)

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4
Q

Describe organisation of upper respiratory tract organs

A

Nose and nasal cavities
Paranasal sinuses
Pharynx

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5
Q

Functions of nose

A

Main conducting airway for inhaled air

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6
Q

Describe the structure of nose

A

Supported by paired nasal bones superiorly that form the bridge of the nose.

Supported anteroinferiorly from the bridge by the fleshy
cartilage.

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7
Q

Function of paranasal sinueses

A

spaces make the bones lighter in weight

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8
Q

Structure of paranasal sinuses

A

. Frontal
. Ethmoidal
. Sphenoidal
. Maxillary

Contain paired air spaces

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9
Q

Structure of pharynx

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
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10
Q

Function of nasopharynx

A

Conducts air

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11
Q

Function of oropharynx

A

Conducts air

Serves as passageway for food and drink

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12
Q

Function of laryngopharynx

A

Conducts air

Serves as passageway for food and drink

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13
Q

Structure of nasopharynx

A

Posterior to nasal cavity

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14
Q

Structure of oropharynx

A

Posterior to the oral cavity

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15
Q

Structure of laryngopharynx

A

Posterior to level of cricoid cartilage in larynx

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16
Q

Structure of lower respiratory tract(conduction portion)

A
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • bronchioles - terminal
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17
Q

Structure of lower respiratory tract(respiratory portion)

A

. respiratory bronchioles
• alveolar ducts
• alveoli

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18
Q

Function larynx

A

Conducting: Air produces sound

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19
Q

Function trachea

A

Conducting air

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20
Q

Function bronchi

A

Conducting air

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21
Q

Function bronchioles

A

Conducting air

Smooth muscle in walls allow for bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation

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22
Q

Function respiratory bronchioles

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A

Respiratory: gas exchange

23
Q

Function alvelolar ducts

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A

Respiratory: gas exchange

24
Q

Function alveoli

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A

Respiratory: gas exchange

25
Structure of Larynx
Connects pharynx to trachea Supported by a framework of cartilages, ligaments, and muscles
26
Structure trachea
Supported by C-shaped tracheal cartilages Inferior to the larynx, superior to the primary bronchi, and anterior to the oesophagus
27
Structure bronchi
They reside within the substance of the lungs The trachea branches into left and right primary bronchi at the carina.
28
Structure bronchioles
less than 1 mm in diameter Their walls are composed of a relatively thick layer of smooth muscle
29
What is bronchoconstriction
Contraction of the smooth muscle results in a narrowing of | the bronchioles
30
What is bronchodilation
Relaxation of the smooth muscle results in a widening of the | bronchioles
31
Structure of alveolar ducts
Alveolar ducts end with small saccular outpocketings called alveoli(little cavity)
32
Structure of respiratory bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles branch into alveolar ducts
33
Characteristics of the respiratory membrane
• It is the diffusion barrier across which respiratory gases are exchanged between the blood and the air in the alveoli.
34
What does the respiratory membrane consist of
. plasma membrane of the type I alveolar cell • plasma membrane of the capillary cell • fused basement membrane of both cells
35
Function of pleura
To allow optimal expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing Protects and cushions lungs
36
Structure of pleuara
A serous membrane which folds back onto itself to form a two-layered membrane structure
37
Describe visceral pleura
Visceral pleura tightly adheres to the outside of the lung
38
Describe parietal pleura
Parietal pleura lines the pleural cavity itself
39
Structure of lungs
Conical in shape has a base inferiorly that rests on the diaphragm an apex that is the superior most portion of the lung
40
Strcture left lung
Slightly smaller than right lung | Has an oblique fissure that divides the lung into two lobes superior and inferior lobes
41
Structure right lung
Has two fissures, oblique and horizontal fissures that divide the lung into three lobes (superior, middle and inferior lobes)
42
Blood supply to and from lungs(1)- pulmonary circualtion
The pulmonary circulation conducts blood to and from the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs.
43
Blood supply to and from lungs(2) - bronchial circulation
• The bronchial circulation is a component of the systemic | circulation that delivers blood directly to and from the bronchi and bronchioles.
44
Function of pulmonary ventilation
is the movement of air into and out of the respiratory system. Movement of gases follows Boyle’s law.
45
Process of pulmonary ventilation
During inhalation, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, intrapulmonary pressure decreases, and air flows into the lungs. • During exhalation, the opposite is true
46
Describe vertical
movement of the diaphragm
47
Describe lateral
—muscles attached to ribs
48
Describe anterior/posterior
muscles attached to ribs
49
What are the 3 muscles involved in inhalation and exhalation
External intercostals Internal intercostals Diaphragm
50
Describe External intercostals
elevates ribs during inhalation
51
Describe Internal intercostals
—depresses ribs during forced exhalation
52
Describe Diaphragm
the major muscle of respiration
53
Describe inhalation process during respiration(thoracic wall dimension changes)
Diaphragram contracts, vertical dimensions of thoracic cavity increase Ribs are elevated and the thoracic cavity widens Inferior portion of the sternum moves anteriorly
54
Describe the exhalation process during exhalation(thoracic wall dimension changes)
Diaphragm relaxes, vertical dimensions of thoracic cavity narrow Ribs are depressed and thoracic cavity narrows Inferior portion of sternum moves posteriorly

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