Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BMS101 > Lecture 4 and 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 and 5 Flashcards

(103 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the general functions of cells in the human body

A
  • Covering
  • Lining
  • Storage
  • Movement
  • Connection
  • Defence
  • Communication
  • Reproduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe covering

A

Protect outer surface of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe lining

A

Regulate nutrient movement into body tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe storage

A

Store lipid reserves

Store carbohydrate nutrients as glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe movement

A

Pump blood

Move skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe connection

A

Form ligaments that attach bone to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe defence

A

Produce antibodies to target antigens or invading cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe communication

A

Send information between regions of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe reproduction

A

Produce new blood cells

Produce new invididual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Characteristics of the plasma membrane

A

Regulates the passage of
gases, nutrients, and wastes between the internal and external
environments of the cell

Has lipids and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Characteristics of the cytoplasm

A 
• All materials (solid
and liquid)
between plasma
membrane and
nucleus
• Cytosol
• Inclusions
• Organelles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Characteristics of the nucleus

A

contains genetic information (DNA)
• controls the shape and activity through protein synthesis
• exports genetic information as RNA via the nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the contents of a prototypical cell

A

A generalised cell(not a real cell in the body)

Combines features from many different cells for teaching purposes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the structure of the plasma membrane

A

Composed of a bilayer of phospholipids with their hydrophobic, fatty acid tails in contact with each other

Integral proteins embedded in the phosoplipid bilayer

Peripheral proteins on the inner or outer surface of the phospholipid bilayer

Carbohydrates attached to proteins or lipids on the extracellular side of the membrane

Cholesterol tucked between the hydrophobic tails of the membrane phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 3 parts of the cytoplasm

A

Cytosol
Inclusions
Organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe cytosol

A 
• A viscous, syrup-like fluid containing many different dissolved
substances such as:
• Ions
• Nutrients
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Amino acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe inclusions

A

Large storage aggregates of complex molecules found in the
cytosol
Examples: melanin, glyocgen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe organelles

A

Little organs
• A type of division of labor
• The type and number of organelles within a cell is a reflection of the cell’s
function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Structure of endoplasmic reticulum

A

• A network of intracellular

membrane-bound tunnels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

• Walls appear rough due to attachment of ribosomes on outside of the RER membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Structure of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Walls have a smooth appearance (no ribosomes!)

• Continuous with RER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Structure of Golgi apparatus

A

• Stacked cisternae whose lateral edges bulge, pinch off, and give rise to small transport and secretory vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Structure of lysosomes

A

Lysosomes are vesicles generated

by the Golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Structure of peroxisomes

A

Vesicles smaller than lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Structure of mitochondria
• Bean-shaped organelles with double membrane
26
Structure of ribosomes
Comprised of a large and small | subunit
27
Structure of centrosome
a pair of centrioles at right angles to | each other
28
Structure of centrioles
nine sets of microtubule triplets
29
Structure of cilia
Cell surface extensions that contain microfilaments capable of movement
30
Structure of flagella
often single extension that contain microfilaments capable of movement
31
Structure of microvilli
‘finger-like’ extensions of the | cell surface. Non-motile
32
Function of rough endoplasmic reticulum
``` functions to synthesise, transport, or store proteins for: • Secretion by the cell • Incorporation into the plasma membrane • Creation of lysosomes ```
33
Function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
* Functions include: * Synthesis, transport, and storage of lipids including steroid hormones * Metabolism of carbohydrates * Detoxification of drugs, alcohol, and poisons
34
Function of Golgi apparatus
• Function to receive proteins and lipids from the RER for modification, sorting, and packaging
35
Function of lysosomes
Contain enzymes used to digest (breakdown) and remove waste products and damaged organelles within the cell (autophagy)
36
Function of peroxisomes
• Use O2 and an enzyme (catalase) to detoxify harmful molecules taken into the cell
37
Function of mitochondria
Function to produce a high energy containing molecule called ATP on the cristae
38
Function of ribosomes
• Responsible for protein synthesis
39
Function of cytoskeleton
• Provides the structural component of the cell • Helps moves organelles and materials through the cell
40
Function of centrosome and centrioles
involved in organizing microtubules • attached to chromosomes during cell division causing chromosomal migration
41
Function of cilia
to move phlegm and other | substances
42
Function of flagella
to propel/move cells
43
Function of microvilli
to increase surface area
44
Describe contents of the nucleus
• Contains DNA • Control centre for cellular activity Chromatin coils to form chromosomes DNA unwound into chromatin
45
Functions of the nucleus
Houses genetic material which directs all cellular activities and regulates cellular structure Produces ribosomal subunits in nucleolus and exports them into cytoplasm for assembly into ribosomes
46
List the four major tissue types in the body
* epithelial tissue * connective tissue * muscle tissue * nervous tissue
47
Examples of • epithelial tissue
Simple squamous Simple cuboidal Simple columnar Pseudostratified
48
Examples of • connective tissue
adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, blood, and lymph
49
Examples of • muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle
50
Examples of • nervous tissue
Found in brain, spinal cord and nerves
51
Structure of simple squamous epithelium
• Single layer of flat cells
52
Structure of simple cuboidal epithelium
• Single layer of cube-shaped cells
53
Structure of simple columnar epithelium with microvilli
Single layer of cells that are taller than they are wide
54
Structure of Simple columnar ciliated epithelium
Some epithelial cells possess cilia on their apical surface (respiratory and reproductive systems
55
Structure of Stratified squamous epithelium
• Multiple layers of flattened cells
56
Structure of Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Multiple layers of cube-shaped cells
57
Structure of Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Multiple layers of cells that | are taller than they are wide
58
Structure of Pseudostratified Columnar | Epithelium
• Single layer of columnar epithelial cells but layered appearance of nuclei suggest multiple layers of cells
59
Structure of transitional epithelium
• Found lining the inside of the urinary bladder
60
Describe squamous epithelium
Squamous epithelial cells are flat and sheet-like in appearance.
61
Describe cuboidal epithelium
Cuboidal epithelial cells are cube-like in appearance, meaning they have equal width, height and depth.
62
Describe columnar epithelium
Columnar epithelial cells are column-like in appearance, meaning they are taller than they are wide.
63
Describe simple epithelium
A simple epithelium means that there’s only one layer of cells.
64
Describe stratified epithelium
A stratified epithelium is made up of more than one layer of cells.
65
Describe pseudostratified epithelium
A pseudostratified epithelium is made up of closely packed cells that appear to be arranged in layers because they’re different sizes, but there’s actually just one layer of cells.
66
Functions of epithelia tissue
Physical protection • Selective permeability Secretions Sensations
67
Explain physical protection
from dehydration and abrasion; and | physical, chemical, and biological agents
68
Explain selective permeability
–regulates the passage of certain | molecules in or out of a certain region of the body
69
Explain secretions
some epithelial cells called exocrine cells | produce secretions such as sweat or oil
70
Explain sensations
–possess nerve endings that can detect light, | taste, sound, smell, and hearing
71
Where is simple squamous epithelium found
lines blood vessels and body cavities
72
Where is Simple cuboidal epithelium found
found in glandular (secreting) tissue and kidney tubules.
73
Where is Simple columnar epithelium found
line your stomach and intestines.
74
Where is Stratified squamous epithelium found
Lines the esophagus, mouth, and vagina
75
Where is Stratified cuboidal epithelium found
found in the excretory ducts of your salivary and sweat glands.
76
Where is Stratified columnar epithelium found
lining your eyelids
77
Where is Pseudostratified columnar epithelium found
lines your upper respiratory tract
78
Structure of connective tissue
``` Ground substance Protein fibres(elastic fibres, collagen fibres, reticular fibres) Mesenchymal cell Blood vessel Macrophage Adipocyte Fibroblast ```
79
Functions of connective tissue
* Physical protection * Support and structural framework * Binding of structures * Storage * Transport * Immune protection
80
3 Classification of connective tissue
CT proper • Supporting CT • Fluid CT
81
Connective tissue proper 2 different categories
Loose CT | Dense CT
82
Loose CT
has fewer protein fibres and more ground | substance
83
Dense CT
has more protein fibres and less ground | substance
84
3 different types of loose connective tissue
Areolar Adipose Reticular
85
3 different types of dense connective tissue
Regular Irregular Elastic
86
Supporting connective tissue 2 different categories
Cartilage(Semisolid matrix) | Bone(Solid matrix)
87
3 different types of cartilage
Hyaline Fibrocartilage Elastic
88
3 different types of bone
Compact bone | Spongy bone
89
Fluid connective tissue components
Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes Platelets
90
Describe plasma
a watery ground substance containing protein fibres
91
Describe Erythrocytes
red blood cells
92
Describe Leukocytes
white blood cells
93
Describe Platelets
fragments of blood cells involved in blood clotting
94
Where is loose connective tissue found
surrounding kidney Stroma of spleen Surround nerves
95
Where is dense connective tissue found
Tendons and ligaments Dermis Walls of large arteries
96
Structure of mucous membrane
line the body cavities and hollow passageways that open to the external environment, and include the digestive, respiratory, excretory, and reproductive tracts
97
Structure of serous membranes
is an epithelial membrane composed of mesodermally derived epithelium called the mesothelium that is supported by connective tissue
98
Structure of cutaneous membranes
a stratified squamous epithelial membrane resting on top of connective tissue
99
Structure of synovial membranes
composed of well-vascularised areolar, fibrous or adipose connective tissue
100
Function of mucous membranes
to protect the body from harmful external agents
101
Function of serous membranes
secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from movements
102
Function of cutaneous membranes
protects body from external environment and prevents water loss
103
Function of synovial membranes
secretes Synovial fluid - reduces joint friction & provides nutrients to the joint surfaces

BMS101 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions