lecture 10- Energy study guide Flashcards
chemical energy
energy stored in bonds of atoms and molecules.
Food,gas, batteries, coal, wood, oil, photosythesis, cellular resp .
electrical energy
Flow of charge
thermal energy
vibration and movement of atoms and molecules within substance s an object is heated, its atoms and/molecules move and collide faster. Resutl is heat.
Volcanoes, fire, boiling water.
mechanical energy
Stored in an object by application of force or tension. Push and pull on object
potential energy
stored energy
Nuclear energy
Stored mechanical
chemical
kinetic energy
energy in motion
Radiant
Thermal
can you describe what work is done when Potential Energy stored as chemical energy in the bonds of ATP is converted to mechanical energy when muscles contract, for instance?
myosin, atp, muscle contraction
first law of thermodynamics
KE +PE, sum of all individual energies
Heat equation
ΔU = Q – W
where ΔU, the change in Energy of the System, is equal to Q, the Energy supplied to the system as Heat, - W, work done by the system on the surroundings.
Entropy
state of randomness in a system.
Free Energy
, the amount of work that can be done on a system by something.
Really hard to measure
Easier to measure the change in Free Energy, ΔG
= ΔH – TΔS
Where the change in Free Energy, ΔG, is equal to the change in Enthalpy, ΔH, (essentially heat) minus the change in Entropy, ΔS times Temperature (T) in degrees Kelvin.
Reactions that have a negative ΔG are
Exergonic and release energy. Spontaneous
Reactions that have a positive ΔG
not spontaneous, or Endergonic (they take in energy)
Which part is being oxidized and which part is being reduced.
Generally, the more H’s something has (like the Carbon in Methane, CH4) the more reduced it is.
Less H’s means more Oxidized:
is more oxidized than H2C=O, which is more oxidized then CH4
recognize which one is the Oxidized form and which one is the reduced form:
NAD+/NADH(gained electron, reduced)
FAD/FADH2(gained electron, reduced)
