Lecture 11

Question 1

Who was the French inventor who first experimented with light-sensitive bitumen to create images?

Answer 1

Joseph Nicéphore Niepce

Question 2

What was the name of the early photographic process invented by Niepce?

Answer 2

Heliography

Question 3

What industrial waste material did Niepce use in his photographic experiments?

Answer 3

Bitumen (cold tar) mixed with turpentine

Question 4

Why was Niepce’s heliographic process ultimately unsuccessful?

Answer 4

It was not duplicable and received no recognition

Question 5

Who partnered with Niepce in 1829 and later became known as the inventor of photography?

Answer 5

Louis Daguerre

Question 6

What was the name of Daguerre’s photographic invention?

Answer 6

Daguerreotype

Question 7

What image taken in 1839 is considered one of the earliest successful Daguerreotypes?

Answer 7

Boulevard du Temple

Question 8

What photographic process did Frederick Scott Archer invent in 1851?

Answer 8

The Collodion process

Question 9

What made the collodion process revolutionary in photography?

Answer 9

It was duplicable, mass-producible, and industrialized

Question 10

What was the name of the most popular photographic format using albumen prints, introduced by André Disdéri?

Answer 10

Carte-de-visite

Question 11

Why were early portrait photographs taken indoors?

Answer 11

Because of lighting limitations and long exposure times

Question 12

What tool was used to prevent movement during early portrait photography?

Answer 12

A metal frame or head brace

Question 13

What was the role of early portrait photographers?

Answer 13

To reveal the subject’s inner character through facial expression

Question 14

What is composite photography?

Answer 14

A method of combining multiple photos to create a narrative or visual story

Question 15

Who created the composite photograph Fading Away?

Answer 15

Henry Peach Robinson

Question 16

What technique did Fading Away (1858) use to guide visual narrative?

Answer 16

Interlocking diagonals and mirrored imagery

Question 17

What is photographic naturalism?

Answer 17

Capturing nature in its pure, unmodified form

Question 18

What was a critique of composite photography from naturalist photographers?

Answer 18

It was considered staged or artificial

Question 19

Who is associated with naturalist photography and In the Barley Harvest?

Answer 19

Peter Emerson

Question 20

What is the goal of documentary photography?

Answer 20

To record real events like fires or industrial achievements

Question 21

Who documented the construction of the ship Great Eastern?

Answer 21

Robert Howlett

Question 22

What historic event was documented through photography in the Canadian north?

Answer 22

The Klondike Gold Rush

Question 23

What is the purpose of social photography?

Answer 23

To highlight working-class struggles and promote social reform

Question 24

Who photographed Four Young Blacksmiths to show strength in labor?

Answer 24

Heinrich Tönnies

Question 25

Why couldn’t alcohol or tobacco appear in social reform photography?

Answer 25

It suggested poor morals among the working class

Question 26

What was the main message behind early social photography?

Answer 26

That hard work did not overcome social inequality

Question 27

What is Dorothea Lange best known for photographing?

Answer 27

Migrant Mother during the Great Depression

Question 28

What was the goal of instantaneous photography?

Answer 28

To achieve objectivity through spontaneous, unstaged shots

Question 29

Was objectivity ever truly achieved in early historical photography?

Answer 29

No, most images were staged or pre-designed

Question 30

What is the camera obscura, and what was it originally used for?

Answer 30

A lens-projection box used primarily for assisting painters

Question 31

What innovation allowed photography to move outdoors?

Answer 31

Collodion dry plate cameras

Question 32

Who revolutionized photography with mass-market cameras in 1900?

Answer 32

George Eastman

Question 33

What was the name of Eastman’s first consumer roll-film camera?

Answer 33

Kodak

Question 34

What made Kodak cameras revolutionary in 1900?

Answer 34

They were cheap, easy to use, and mass-produced

Question 35

What made Kodak cameras accessible to the general public?

Answer 35

No experience was needed; photography was simplified

Question 36

What was the first digital camera created by Kodak in 1975?

Answer 36

Kodak's prototype digital camera

Question 37

What innovation in 1986 allowed digital photos to be captured?

Answer 37

Kodak’s first megapixel DCS sensor

Question 38

Which camera was the first to use Kodak’s digital sensor?

Answer 38

Nikon F3 (DCS), used in limited professional production

Question 39

Why didn’t early digital cameras gain popularity immediately?

Answer 39

They were expensive and had limited demand

Question 40

What was Kodak’s first mass-produced successful digital camera?

Answer 40

Kodak DC40 (1995)

Question 41

What is the title of the first photograph ever taken, and who took it?

Answer 41

View from the Window at Le Gras by Joseph Niepce

Question 42

Where was Niepce’s original photograph later discovered?

Answer 42

In a trunk at the Royal Society in London