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Hist 115 > Lecture 13 > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

What key personal benefit do cars offer that other transport modes don’t?

A

Personal freedom to travel anywhere at any time

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2
Q

How are cars tied to lifestyle and identity?

A

They express personal style and reflect society’s values

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3
Q

Why are cars considered highly accessible?

A

No technical knowledge is needed to drive one

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4
Q

What emotional value is commonly tied to cars?

A

They’re tied to memories—like first cars and family holidays

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5
Q

What made cars popular beyond technology?

A

Cheap cost, easy licensing, and accessibility

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6
Q

Who created the first internal combustion engine using coal gas?

A

Joseph Lenoir

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7
Q

What was Lenoir’s goal for his engine?

A

To replace steam engines in factories

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8
Q

Who improved upon Lenoir’s engine to make a 4-stroke version?

A

Nikolaus Otto

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9
Q

Who were Otto’s two assistants that later became famous automakers?

A

Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach

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10
Q

Where was Daimler’s early engine work done?

A

In a greenhouse behind his house

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11
Q

What was Daimler and Maybach’s first major engine innovation?

A

The Grandfather’s Clock engine

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12
Q

What was significant about the Grandfather’s Clock engine?

A

It ran on gasoline and produced 1hp

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13
Q

Who installed an engine into a frame to create the first motorcycle?

A

Daimler and Maybach

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14
Q

What key components did the first successful car include?

A

Transmission, brakes, steering, suspension, four wheels

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15
Q

What engine design revolutionized automobiles in 1894?

A

The Phoenix engine (4 cylinders, air/fuel mixer)

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16
Q

What wealthy individual helped shape the modern car with Daimler?

A

Emil Jellinek

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17
Q

What was the first car to feature electric spark ignition and multiple cylinders?

A

The Mercedes

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18
Q

What ancient device enabled the electric spark engine?

A

Heron of Alexandria’s atomizer

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19
Q

Who created the Benz Motorwagen?

A

Karl Benz

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20
Q

Why did the Benz Motorwagen fail commercially?

A

Poor steering and frequent crashes

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21
Q

What was significant about the Benz Motorwagen’s engine?

A

It ran on gas and was commercially available

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22
Q

What was the first mass-produced car on an assembly line in the U.S.?

A

Oldsmobile Curved Dash

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23
Q

What electric vehicle came out in 1902?

A

The Baker Electric

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24
Q

Why were early electric cars not widely adopted?

A

They were marketed as women’s cars and status symbols

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25
What caused EVs to be discontinued despite their superior technology?
External social factors and class-based marketing
26
Who revolutionized car affordability and access in 1908?
Henry Ford
27
What made the Ford Model T revolutionary?
Cheap price, mass production, and installment payments
28
What era is known for luxury cars and wealth expression before the crash?
The Roaring 1920s
29
What happened to luxury cars after the 1929 stock market crash?
They were sold for a fraction of their value
30
What car was the precursor to modern aerodynamic design?
Tatra V570
31
What was the longest-produced car in history?
Volkswagen Beetle
32
Who helped design the Volkswagen Beetle?
Adolf Hitler and Nazi engineers
33
What car introduced front-wheel drive and uni-body design?
Citroën Traction Avant
34
What vehicle is considered the birth of the 4x4?
Willy’s Overland “Quad”
35
What era introduced flamboyant Jet Age car design?
1950–59
36
What design features defined Jet Age cars?
Chrome, fins, wings, and style over function
37
What was the American approach to 1970s car design?
Massive, gas-guzzling 'box cars'
38
What was the European approach to 1970s cars?
Lightweight, fuel-efficient designs
39
What sleek, high-performance car represented Europe’s design ethos in 1971?
Lamborghini Countach
40
What heavy American muscle car contrasted the Countach?
Plymouth Road Runner Superbird
41
Why could the U.S. afford to build heavy muscle cars in the 1970s?
Gas was cheap and abundant before the oil crisis
42
What global event caused a major change in car design from 1973–1979?
The oil crisis
43
Why did Arab nations impose an oil embargo on the West?
U.S. support for Israel in Middle East conflicts
44
What car motorized Europe post-oil crisis due to fuel efficiency?
Fiat 126
45
What key feature made the Fiat 126 ideal after the oil crisis?
fuel economy, It used only 5L of fuel per 100 km
46
What vehicle defined the modern minivan?
1983 Dodge Caravan
47
Which country dominated car quality and engineering in the 1980s–90s?
Japan
48
What are examples of top Japanese cars from the 80s–90s?
Toyota Supra, Nissan Skyline, Honda Prelude
49
What made Japanese cars so successful during this era?
Superior engineering and domestic manufacturing
50
What futuristic power source did the 1962 Ford XXI explore?
Nuclear fusion
51
Why did the Ford XXI nuclear-powered concept car fail?
It couldn't generate enough heat and was too heavy due to lead shielding
52
Why was the U.S. government hesitant about nuclear-powered cars?
Public use of nuclear reactors posed serious safety risks
53
What was the first modern electric car using NiMH batteries?
1997 Honda EV Plus
54
Why did the Honda EV Plus fail commercially?
It was leased, not owned, and considered aesthetically unattractive
55
What made the Honda EV Plus different from traditional vehicle ownership?
Users had to return the car after battery depletion
56
What is the Honda Clarity FCEV powered by?
Hydrogen fuel cells
57
What are the major issues with hydrogen fuel cell vehicles like the Clarity?
Complexity, weight, long refueling time, and safety concerns
58
What makes hydrogen tanks dangerous in vehicles?
They are explosive and can cause massive damage in accidents
59
In what type of vehicles might hydrogen fuel cells be more suitable?
Semi-trucks or very large commercial vehicles
60
Will EVs likely have the same cultural impact as combustion-engine cars?
Probably not
61
What aspect of traditional cars promoted cultural connection?
Freedom, modifiability, and hands-on interaction
62
Why are EVs seen as less engaging for users?
They are designed as disposable and not meant to be modified or repaired
63
How are EVs fundamentally different in design philosophy from older cars?
They are built to fail, be replaced, and not preserved
64
What is the new profit model for many EV companies?
Selling user data and surveillance
65
What was revealed by a former Tesla employee about data collection?
They could see users' private activities, even children
66
What concern arises from the aesthetic design of modern cars?
Modern cars are considered ugly, leading to less user attachment
67
Why might manufacturers purposely make cars less attractive?
To reduce emotional attachment and encourage faster replacement
68
Does modernity require ugly car design?
No, but it is often used to push disposability
69
What issue undermines the image of EVs as clean energy?
Environmental damage from production and mining
70
What major concern exists regarding the cleanliness of EV energy?
Battery production has a large carbon and human cost
71
Is the EV transition purely about sustainability?
No, it's also driven by business models and planned obsolescence
72
What question challenges the environmental claims of EVs?
Are we just shifting emissions to other parts of the production chain?
73
What’s one reason EV repairs are often discouraged?
Replacing parts often costs more than replacing the vehicle
74
How does this shift change the relationship between people and cars?
People become passive users rather than active modifiers or caretakers
75
Why is the transition to electric transportation seen as limiting for car culture?
It removes the freedom and mechanical connection people had with combustion engines
76
What industry was historically tied to combustion engine development?
Aviation
77
How has the meaning of cars shifted with EVs?
From symbols of independence to products of digital control and disposability
78
Why are EVs described as 'controlled transportation systems'?
Their use and functionality are often restricted by software and design
79
How does planned obsolescence manifest in EVs?
Limited repairability and the push for frequent replacement

Hist 115 (16 decks)

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