Lecture 11 Flashcards
(16 cards)
Reductions in Yield
In all 50% of crops estimated to be lost through pests and disease..
Plant disease
An infection of the plant by a pathogenic organism.
Crop Rotation
Rotating your crops through the years may break the disease cycle for a given crop.
Chemical Controls
Use of pesticides to kill pathogenic organisms. Good fungo are killed along with the bad.
Plant Breeding for Disease Control
A gene gun. An instrument that shoots microscopic metal particles coated with genes. Can be short lived because of the resistance that organisms can encounter.
Plant pests:
Can consume useful plant material or reduce the ability of the plant to maximize yield by consuming root and to shoot capacity.
Controls on pests: Pesticides
Two major methods. Protectans and eradication.
Protectants:
chemicals the confer protection from an attack.
Eradication
Use of chemicals to control the outbreak of an infection.
Intraspecific competition
Minimized by optimum spacing between individuals during and thinning of crops growth stage
Interspecific competition
Elimination of competing species (“weeds”) before and during growth.
Genetic diversity:
The variation of genes within a species provides the material required for evolutionary change.
Species diversity:
Number fo specced and relative abundance of species.
Ecosystem diversity
Landscape that is composed of a complex matrix of interacting ecosystems. Los of matrix may lead to destabilization of the landscape.
Benefits of biodiversity Ecosystem resilience
Ability of an ecosystem to adjust to stress and disturbance.
Ecosystem goods and services
ecosystems as a whole may provide benefits to a human well-being or species within an ecosystem may be of direct importance to society.
