Lecture 15

Question 1

Canopy Interception

Answer 1

Precipitation that is intercepted by plant canopy and which does not reach the ground surface.

Question 2

Porosity

Answer 2

Determines the amount of water that can be stored in a mass of rock to sediment.

Question 3

Permeability

Answer 3

Influences the rate at which water can move through the material.

Question 4

water losses from the soil

Answer 4

1. ) transpiration
2. ) evaporation
3. ) sublimation
4. ) deep drainage

Question 5

Aquifer

Answer 5

sufficient porosity such that it can readily transmit water.

Question 6

Deep aquifer:

Answer 6

deeper the aquifer, higher the solute content concentration, also having higher iron contents.

Question 7

Rivers

Answer 7

receive water from direct precipitation, from surface runoff, and from groundwater discharge. Loses water from evaporation and transfer of water through fluvial system.

Question 8

River flow:

Answer 8

2 key attributes - Pea flow and Base flow.

Peak Flow: Maximum flow rate through a certain place at a certain time.

Question 9

Base Flow

Answer 9

reliable, year-round streamflow, not attributable to driest run off.

Question 10

Natural discharge - controlled by:

Answer 10

1. ) formation and melting of river ice
2. ) Melting of snow in praised in spring
3. ) melting of snow in mountains in spring and summer.

Question 11

Water conservation

Answer 11

reducing water use amount, which may include to applying new technology, improving old technology, and instituting behavioural changes.

Question 12

Water-use efficiency

Answer 12

Precise measure of water conservation. Defined by how much water is actually used for a specific purpose compared to the minute amount necessary to satisfy that purpose.