Lecture 9

Question 1

Carbon debt:

Answer 1

How many years it takes fo the biofuel carbon savings from avoided fossil fuel combustion, to offset the losses in ecosystem carbon from clearing land to grow new feedstock.

Question 2

Conversion rates

Answer 2

they found out the conversion of the rainforest to pam and soybean biodiesel, between 86 to 423 years were required to pay off the carbon debt.

Question 3

Pelletization serves two purposes

Answer 3

1. ) Redding transportation costs.

2. ) re-shaping wood or other feedstock so it can be burnt in combusters - pellet use.

Question 4

Co-firing in cool plants

Answer 4

The substitution has been gradual and in some cases replaced coal completely.

Question 5

Pellet Stoves

Answer 5

Clean burning, automated systems that require minimal maintenance.

Question 6

Lignocellulosic ethanol:

Answer 6

substantial potential as a biofuel; will require technical advances to be widely available.