Lecture 11 Unit 2

Question 1

what are 6 functions of the respiratory system

Answer 1

1. ventilation and gas exchange
2. filtering, warming, and humidifying inhaled air
3. sound production
4. sense of smell
5. metabolism of hormones
6. acid-base balance

Question 2

what is external respiration

Answer 2

the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood

Question 3

what is internal respiration

Answer 3

gas exchange between capillary blood and the cells in tissues

Question 4

what is cellular respiration

Answer 4

the use of oxygen by cells to produce ATP by oxidizing glucose

Question 5

what is the branching of the bronchial tree?

Answer 5

trachea> primary bronchi > secondary bronchi > tertiary bronchi > bronchioles > terminal bronchioles

Question 6

what is each lung further sub divided into?

Answer 6

bronchopulmonary segments

Question 7

what is a bronchopulmonary segment?

Answer 7

the portion of the lung that is supplied by a tertiary bronchus

Question 8

how many bronchopulmonary segments are in each lung?

Answer 8

there are 10 in the right and 8 in the left

Question 9

what is each segment further divided into?

Answer 9

many smaller lung lobules

Question 10

what does each terminal bronchiole supply?

Answer 10

a single lung lobule

Question 11

what is a lobule?

Answer 11

a small segment of lung tissue that is wrapped in connective tissue

Question 12

what does a lobule contain?

Answer 12

a lymph vessel, an arteriole, a venue, respiratory bronchioles, and alveolar ducts and alveoli

Question 13

what are alveoli?

Answer 13

sac-like outpourings of the respiratory portion of the bronchial tree

Question 14

how many alveoli are in a normal lung?

Answer 14

300 million

Question 15

97% of the alveolar wall consists of what?

Answer 15

squamous epithelial cells or Type I alveolar cells

Question 16

what are type I alveolar cells

Answer 16

very thin and have tight junctions that prevent fluid leakage into the alveolar air spaces

Question 17

what is the other 3% of the alveolar wall made of?

Answer 17

type II alveolar cells

Question 18

what do type II alveolar cells secrete?

Answer 18

surfactant

Question 19

what happens in nutritional flow in pulmonary blood supply?

Answer 19

the lung tissue receives oxygenated blood from the bronchial arteries which branch off of the aorta

Question 20

what happens in pulmonary flow in pulmonary blood supply?

Answer 20

the pulmonary artery supplies the lung capillaries. each lunch lobule receives a branch of the pulmonary artery . the pulmonary capillaries connect the arterioles with the pulmonary venues, which ultimately drain into the pulmonary veins