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Physio 202 Lecture > Lecture 37 Unit 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 37 Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what does the male reproductive system consist of

A

testes, ducts, accessory sex glands, and supporting structures

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2
Q

what are the supporting structures

A

penis and scrotum

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3
Q

what are the ducts of the male repro system

A

ejaculatory duct, vas deferens, epididymis, urethra

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4
Q

what is the ejaculatory duct and prostatic urethra used for

A

transport

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5
Q

what is the epididymis used for

A

maturation and storage

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6
Q

what is the vas defers used for

A

storage and transport

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7
Q

what are the accessory glands

A

semina vesicle, prostate, cowpers gland

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8
Q

what do the seminal vesicles contain

A

viscous seminal fluid

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9
Q

what is in viscous seminal fluid

A

fructose, prostaglandins, and fibrinogen

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10
Q

what does fructose do

A

fuel for glycolysis for ATP prodcution

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11
Q

what do prostaglandins do

A

contribute to sperm viability, motility and transoort

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12
Q

what do fibrinogens do

A

aids coagulation of semen in female repro tract

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13
Q

what is in the prostate

A

thin seminal fluid

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14
Q

what is in thin seminal fluid

A

slightly acidic pH, proteolytic enzymes, seminalplasmin

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15
Q

what do proteolytic enzymes do

A

break down clotting proteins from seminal vesicels

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16
Q

what does seminalplasmin do

A

an antibiotic that destroys bacteria

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17
Q

what is in cowpers gland

A

mucous like fluid and alkaline

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18
Q

what does the mucous like fluid do

A

minimize damage to sperm during ejaculation

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19
Q

what does alkaline do

A

protects sperm from acids in urine

20
Q

what do Sertoli cells do

A
  • support sperm production

- support sperm development within densely packed seminiferous tubules

21
Q

what do leydig cells do

A

-testosterone prosecuting portion of testes

22
Q

where are leydig cells located

A

in connective tissue between loops of seminiferous tubules

23
Q

what is spermatogenesis

A

the conversions of undifferentiated germ cells into specialize motile sperm

24
Q

where are Sertoli cells located

A
  • extend from basal lamina to lumen

- columnar with adjoining lateral processes

25
Q

what is the process of spermatogenesis

A

spermatogonia > primary spermatocyte > secondary spermatocyte > spermatid > sperm cell

26
Q

what are the phases in mitosis

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokenesis

27
Q

what is mitosis performed by

A

all replicating cells in the human body including spermatogonia and oogonia

28
Q

what is meiosis performed by

A

only done by spermatogonia and oogonia

29
Q

what are the three unique events in meiosis

A
  1. tetrad formation
  2. crossing over
  3. movement of pairs of chromatids towards poles
30
Q

what are spermatogonia

A

sperm stem cells, maintaining their number through mitosis

31
Q

what happen to excess spermatogonia

A

they enter meiosis becoming spermatocytes then spermatids then spermatozoa

32
Q

what happens in meiosis

A

involved 2 rounds of cell division to yield 4 hapless cells called gametes

33
Q

what happens in gametes (chromosome wise)

A

number is halved of each human autosome plus one sex chromosome for a total of 23

34
Q

what does spermatogenesis result in

A

the release of sperm into the lumen of seminiferous tubules

35
Q

when does meiosis I begin

A

when a spermatogonium undergoes differentiation

36
Q

when does meiosis II occur

A

after meiosis I, resulting in 4 spermatids

37
Q

what happens after spermatids differentiate into sperm

A

they are released from Sertoli cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

38
Q

what does the acrosome do

A

facilitate penetration of secondary oocyte

39
Q

what is spermiation

A

release of mature spermatozoa from Sertoli cells into the lumen fo the seminiferous tubule

40
Q

what is capacitation

A

final maturation of the sperm occurs within female repro tract

41
Q

what is hyper activation triggered by

A

Ca2+ influx, the result of increased progesterone acting on the male sperm in the female repro tract

42
Q

what makes men infertile

A

if they are deficient tin the progesterone binding Ca2+ channel

43
Q

what does increased GnRH trigger the release of

A

LH and FSH

44
Q

what does LH do

A

stimulates testosterone production by Leydig cells

45
Q

what does FSH do

A

acts on Sertoli cells to promote spermatogenesis by stimulating ABD production which helps keep local testosterone high

Physio 202 Lecture (38 decks)

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