Lecture 32 Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the urinary system

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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2
Q

what do they kidneys do

A

filter the blood of wastes and return most of water and solutes to the bloodstream

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3
Q

what are the functions of the kidneys

A
  • regulation of blood ionic composition
  • regulation of blood pH and osmolarity
  • regulation of blood glucose
  • regulation of blood volume
  • release of erythropoietin and calcitriol
  • excretion of wastes and foreign substances
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4
Q

what are the 3 major functions of kidneys in the blood

A

flitration, reabsorption, and secretion

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5
Q

what do kidneys perform their actions on

A

blood plasma

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6
Q

where is 99% of nutrients in filtered blood plasma return to

A

blood through reasborption

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7
Q

if the concentration of any component of blood plasma exceeds its renal threshold where does the rest of that component go?

A

some returned to blood, rest lost in urine

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8
Q

can nephrons be replaced

A

no

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9
Q

when do nephrons become dysfunctional

A

until function declines to less than 25% normal

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10
Q

what happens when one kidney is removed

A

-remaining nephrons enlarge to handle additional work

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11
Q

what happens at the renal corpsuscle

A

filtration

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12
Q

what happens at the renal tubule

A

reabsorption

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13
Q

what does the renal tubule consist of

A

PCT, loop of Henle, DCT

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14
Q

where do efferent arterioles drain into

A

either vasa recta or peritubular capillaries

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15
Q

what do juxtamedullary nephrons allow by dipping into the medulla?

A

excretion of dilute or concentration urine

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16
Q

how much of the resting cardiac output do kidneys receive

A

25%

17
Q

what is the function of the glomerular capillaries

A

filtration of blood

18
Q

what is the function of the peritubular capillaries and vasa recta

A

carry away substances reabsorbed from filtrate

19
Q

what do sympathetic vasomotor nerves do

A

regulate blood flow and renal resistance by altering diameter or arterioles

20
Q

where are microvilli found

A
  • PCT cells

- intercalated cells of the collecting duct

21
Q

where are hormone receptors found

A
  • DCT cells

- principle cells of the collecting duct