Lecture 12 Flashcards
During transcription, the 4 base language of DNA is simply – into the 4 base language of RNA.
copied
During protein synthesis, the 4 base language of RNA is– into the 20-amino acid language of proteins.
translated
One DNA strand acts as a – (read in the 3’ –> 5’), determining the order in which ribonucleoside triphosphate (rNTP) monomers are polymerized to form a complementary RNA strand.
template
transcription - polymerization reaction is catalyzed by –
RNA polymerase
Polymerization involves a – by the 3’ oxygen in the growing RNA chain on the α phosphate if the next nucleotide to be added…resulting in a phosphodiester bond (energetically favorable).
nucleophilic attack
Like DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase only synthesize RNA from – direction.
5’ to 3’
DNA transcription produces – that is complementary to one strand of the DNA double helix.
a single-stranded RNA molecules
The site at which RNA polymerase begins transcription is numbered –.
+1
direction in which a template DNA strand is transcribed
downstream (+ n)
promoters are found –
upstream (-n)
T/F: both DNA strands can be used as templates for different genes
true
The direction of transcription is determined by the orientation of the – in front of each gene.
promoter
A promoter is – and binds the RNA polymerase in only one direction.
asymmetrical
RNA pol read template from
3’ to 5’
usually give – strand for promoter
nontemplate, coding
old name for a gene
cistron
1 promoter directs synthesis of 1 mRNA that can be translated to more than one polypeptide
polycistronic
1 promoter directs synthesis of 1 mRNA that usually translates to only 1 protein
monocistronic
Synthesis of Tryptophan requires – in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
5 enzymes
code for proteins
mRNA
form basic structure of ribosome and catalyze protein synthesis
rRNA
adaptor between mRNA and aa
tRNA
function in a variety of nuclear processes, including the splicing of premRNA
snRNAs (small nuclear)
help to process and chemically modify rRNAs
snoRNA (small nucleolar)
