Lecture 6 Flashcards
the function of nearly all proteins depend on their ability to bind to molecules (ligands or substrates) with a
high degree of specificity
region of a protein that associates with a ligand
binding ste
protein-ligand interaction is mediated by
noncovalent bonds
protein-ligand interaction can be measured by
velocity, affinity (binding strength), and specificity (binding preference)
level of affinity and specificity depends on –
molecular complementaries
– identify crucial ligand-binding sites
evolutionary tracing method
most common way two proteins bind with each other
surface-surface
antibodies can directly – or mark it for destruction
inactivate target protein
T/F: antibodies can distinguish between proteins that differ by only one AA
true
foreign substance that elicits production of an antibody
antigen
subunits/polypeptides of an antibody
2 heavy chains and 2 light chains
the chains of an antibody are held together by
disulfide bonds
each polypeptide chain of an antibody can be divided into 2 domains
variable and constant
the – domains interact with the antigen
variable
ligand binding site in antibodies
hypervariable loop
interaction between antibody and epitope of antigen is
complementary
enzymes binds 2 molecules and – them to encourage a reaction to occur between them
precisely orients
binding of substrate to enzyme rearranges electrons in the substrate that –
favor a reaction
enzymes strains the bound substrate molecule, forcing it toward a – to favor a reaction
transition state
enzyme that catalyze a hydrolytic cleavage
hydrolase
break down nucleic acids by hydrolyzing bonds between nucleotides
nucleases
break down proteins by hydrolyzing bonds between AA
proteases
synthesize molecules in anabolic reactions by condensing two smaller molecules together
synthase
join together two molecules in an energy-dependent process
ligase
