Lecture 13: Treaty of Waitangi II Flashcards
(40 cards)
Why did missionaries in NZ send reports back to England in 1836–1837?
Because of increasing tribal fighting in the Bay of Islands due to muskets; they suggested Britain intervene.
Who was sent to NZ in 1837 and why?
Captain William Hobson, sent by Governor Bourke of NSW, to report on the situation.
About tribal fighting (muskets)
What did Hobson recommend in his 1837 report?
Establishment of factories (trading posts), a treaty to guarantee land holdings, and ports for negotiations.
Hobson told them not to establish a Colony
What role did Lord Glenelg play in 1838?
Glenelg appointed Hobson consul to NZ
What roles did Lord Normanby play in 1839?
Normanby approved Hobson as consul and then lieutenant governor.
What instructions did Governor Gipps give Hobson in 1839?
To seek sovereignty for Britain over New Zealand.
When did Hobson arrive in the Bay of Islands?
29 January 1840
He was unwell from his travels
What was Hobson’s first official step after arriving?
He drafted an invitation to chiefs
Gives it to Busby who gives it to Colenso to translate and to print.
When did Hobson begin drafting the Treaty?
1 February 1840
Who drafted the Treaty?
H. Williams, Freeman, Busby, Clendon, Clark, Colenso, Hobson, Maunsell
What happened to Hobson on 2 February 1840?
He suffered paralysis and couldn’t complete the draft
Who translated the final version of the Treaty?
Henry Williams and Edward Williams.
How many people drafted the Treaty?
8
Who wrote a clean copy of the treaty from the many drafts?
James Stuart Freeman
What is Article I in the Māori version?
Chiefs give the Queen “Kawanatanga” (governorship)
What is the issue with the word “Kawanatanga”?
It didn’t mean sovereignty; Māori thought of it as an administrative head.
Maori did not have a word for sovereignty
What does Article I say in the English version?
Chiefs give the Queen “sovereignty.”
What does Article II guarantee in the Māori version?
Emphasizes “te tino rangatiratanga” - the full exercise of chieftainship. Guarentees whenua (land), kainga (homes), and taonga katoa (treasures)
What did article II guarantee in the english version?
the chiefs exclusive and undisturbed possession of their lands
What was the issue with Article II?
The issue was a mismatch in meaning - while Māori believed they retained control over their land and taonga, the English version was used to justify Crown authority and pre-emption over land sales.
What does Article III guarantee?
Queen extends protection and rights of British subjects to Māori - same in both versions.
What happened on 5 February 1840?
Chiefs were initially negative but were convinced eventually
On 5 February 1840
Who convinced chiefs to be in favour of the treaty?
Tamati Waka Nene, Patuone and Hone Heke
Pointed out that British were already in their country so they might as well align with them
What happened on 6 February 1840?
43 chiefs signed the Treaty at Waitangi
