Lecture 14: 1840-1863 Flashcards
(31 cards)
What transformed the Māori economy in the 1840s?
Immigration and establishment of government led to changes including food/cropping (potatoes, maize, wheat), trade (timber, flax), transport (ferries, guides), and labour.
What was a major issue during this time? (1840’s)
Land issues, especially due to immigrants being promised land and British demand for it.
What is the Crown Colony Period?
A time when governors ruled New Zealand with supreme legal power and no parliament.
Who were the governors during this period? (1840-1852)
William Hobson (1840–1842)
Robert Fitzroy (1843–1845)
George Grey (1845–1853)
Why did the Crown focus on land purchases in the South Island?
The South had fewer Māori, so it was seen as easier to buy.
What was the Waipounamu purchase?
a series of land purchases made by the Crown in the South Island
e.g Kaikoura purchase
What did some deeds of purchase have clauses about?
Reserves
What are reserves, and what was the issue with them?
Reserves were the special areas the Maori wanted to keep, the Crown said they would come and give them back - but they never did
What issues occurred with land deeds?
Poor boundaries, conflicting deeds, and broken promises about Māori reserves.
By 1860, what was Māori attitude to land sales?
Reluctance, due to broken promises about reserves.
What year did the Pākehā population surpass the Māori population?
1857–1858 (Pākehā: ~59,000, Māori: ~56,000).
How did Māori adapt in the mid-19th century? (1840-1860)
Adopted western technology for agriculture, created orchards, and diversified land use.
What were the New Zealand Company settlements?
Settlements like Wellington, Nelson, and New Plymouth, established by a British immigration company.
What did the New Zealand Company Settlements promise people?
all sorts of benefits to those who want to immigrate to NZ
When Hobson died, who replaced him as Governor?
Governor Robert Fitzroy
What years was Fitzroy governor?
1843-1845
What major events did Fitzroy face?
Wairau Affair (conflict with Te Rauparaha and Te Rangihaeata)
Northern War (with Hone Heke and Kawiti)
Waived the Treaty’s preemption clause
What is the Wairau Affair?
In 1843, Nelson settlers illegally surveyed Ngāti Toa land. Te Rauparaha and Te Rangihaeata expelled them, and Governor Fitzroy condemned the settlers’ actions.
What caused the Wars in Northland (1845-1846)?
Hone Heke and Kawiti opposed British sovereignty and the effects of colonial control, such as cutting down the flagstaff at Kororareka.
Who replaced Fitroy as Governor?
Governor George Grey
In what years was George Grey governor?
1845-1853
Why was Governor Grey called to NZ?
to deal with continued hostilities between Māori and European settlers
What government structure did Grey establish?
A constitution for representative government and a General Assembly (Parliament).
What powers did Grey use to control Māori resistance?
- Military occupation (e.g. occupying Kawiti’s pā)
- Imprisonment of Te Rauparaha
- Control over disputed land purchases.
