Lecture 15: 1863-1881

Question 1

Who was Donald McLean?

Answer 1

McLean was a land purchase agent in the 1850s, later MP for Napier (1866–77), and Native Affairs Minister

Question 2

In what years was Donald McLean the Native Affairs Minister?

Answer 2

1869-1876

Question 3

What purchase was Donald McLean responsible for?

Answer 3

the ‘Waitara Purchase’

Question 5

What was the Waitara Purchase?

Answer 5

A contested land deal in Taranaki negotiated by McLean with Te Teira, not the proper chief Wiremu Kingi, sparking war.

Question 6

What governor was Donald Mclean very similar to?

Answer 6

Governor Grey

Question 7

Who was the first Māori King and for what years did he rule?

Answer 7

Te Wherowhero (1858-1860)

Question 8

Who replaced Te Wherowhero as King, and for what years did he rule?

Answer 8

Tāwhiao (1860-1894)

His son replaced him

Question 9

Why did the Kingitanga movement gain support?

Answer 9

It responded to land disputes in Taranaki and rising settler pressure.

Question 10

What triggered the Taranaki Wars?

Answer 10

Government agents (ie McLean) attempted to buy a piece of land at Waitara

Question 11

What was the issue with the way McLean purchased Waitara?

Answer 11

negotiated with the wrong chief led to conflict; the government was criticised and Governor Gore Browne was recalled back to England

criticised by missionaries and the Chief Justice for not properly dealing with Māori.

Question 12

Why was Governor George Grey recalled back to NZ in 1860?

Answer 12

after Governor Gore Brown is recalled

Question 13

What years did Governor George Grey’s second term occur in?

Answer 13

1860-1868

Question 14

What main actions did George Grey take in his second term (1860–68)?

Answer 14

Reoccupied Taranaki, invaded Waikato and Bay of Plenty, used military force, and implemented the NZ Settlements Act 1863 to confiscate land.

Question 15

When and why did Governor Grey invade the Waikato and Bay of Plenty?

Answer 15

to get to Taranaki

Question 16

What was the New Zealand Settlements Act 1863?

Answer 16

Allowed land confiscation from Māori deemed ‘in rebellion’

They were said to be being ‘disloyal to the crown’

Question 17

What was the King Country and why was it formed?

Answer 17

Area where Tāwhiao and supporters retreated after land confiscation, isolating from the Crown.

Question 17

What areas had their land confiscated due to the NZ Settlements Act 1863?

Answer 17

All Maori within the area of Taranaki, Waikato and the Bay of Plenty had their land confiscated

This sets off a grievance in these areas

Question 18

During what years did Tawhiao retreat into the King Country?

Answer 18

1860-1894

Question 19

Who was Te Kooti and what was he accused of?

Answer 19

East Coast Māori wrongly accused of spying for other Maori

Question 20

What happened to Te Kooti?

Answer 20

Without trial he was transported to Chathams Islands (1865)

Question 21

When did Te Kooti do when he escaped prison?

Answer 21

Escaped Chathlam Islands with supporters back to NZ
- They begin Guerilla Warfare with Government against the crown 1869-1872

Question 22

When was Te Kooti exiled and pardoned?

Answer 22

1872-1882 exiled with the Māori King in the King Country

Pardoned 1882

Question 23

Who was Titokowaru and what did he do?

Answer 23

Ngāti Ruanui leader who raided settlers in 1866 to stop land sales, using guerilla tactics.

Question 24

What did Gurilla warefare tactics involve?

Answer 24

frightening settlers, so even though the crown owns the land, when they would try and sell it to settlers they wouldn’t want to buy it

Question 25

Who were Te Whiti-o-Rongomai and Tohu Kākahi?

Answer 25

Peaceful leaders of Parihaka; remained neutral during Titokowaru’s conflict

Question 26

Why did Donald McLean support Māori representation in Parliament?

Answer 26

He believed grievances should be addressed through Parliament, not conflict, as lack of representation risked Māori turning to war.

Question 27

How many Native Land Acts were there?

Answer 27

- Native Land Act 1862 - Native Land Act 1865 - Native Land Act 1867

Question 28

What happened as a result of the Native Land Acts?

Answer 28

Created Native Land Court, individualised land titles, and weakened rangatira authority, facilitating land sales ## Footnote It was easier to buy land that wasn’t collectively owned, individually buy each bit of land

Question 29

Why were Māori parliamentary seats created?

Answer 29

To represent Māori taxpayers and avoid unrest

Question 30

How many Maori seats were created and how many should there have been?

Answer 30

only 4 seats created instead of 15 based on population ## Footnote Politicians did not want to give them enough seats to alter parliament

Question 31

Why were Māori and South Island gold miner seats created?

Answer 31

To balance the electoral map and prevent unrest, as thousands of landless gold miners in the 1860s had no voting rights and posed a risk of conflict.

Question 32

What did the Māori Representation Act 1867 do?

Answer 32

Created 4 Māori seats (Northern, Western, Eastern, Southern) for Māori men over 21, no property qualifications

Question 33

How long were the 4 Maori seats in place from?

Answer 33

1868-1919

Question 34

In the 1866 Election how many seats were in Parliment?

Answer 34

70

Question 35

In the 1871 election how many seats were in Parliment?

Answer 35

78

Question 36

Who were the first Māori MPs elected in 1868?

Answer 36

Northern: Frederick Nene Russell Western: Mete Kingi Paetahi Eastern: Tareha Te Moananui Southern: John Paterson.

Question 37

Who were the new MP's in the 1871 election?

Answer 37

Wi Katene (Northern) Wi Parata (Western) Karaitiana Takamoana (Eastern) Hori Kerei Taiaroa (Southern)

Question 38

Who was Hori Kerei Tairoa?

Answer 38

Very important politician in the south - His father was one of the 3 signatories to the Treaty in the South

Question 39

During what periods was Hori Kerei Taiaroa a Southern Māori MP?

Answer 39

1871-1879 and 1881-1885

Question 40

What did Hori Kerei Taiaroa achieve?

Answer 40

Southern Māori MP and later Legislative Council member, campaigned for South Island land reserves.

Question 41

Who did Hori Kerei Taiaroa have a very close relationship with?

Answer 41

Governor Grey, so did his father - he uses this relationship to petition the government for the reserves in the South Island

Question 42

During what periods was Hori Kerei Taiaroa a Legislative Council member?

Answer 42

1879-1881 and 1885-1905

Question 43

Who was Karaitiana Takamoana?

Answer 43

Eastern Māori MP who petitioned for reserves, criticised Native Land Court, supported Repudiation Movement.

Question 44

During what period was Takamoana an Eastern Māori MP?

Answer 44

1871-1879

Question 45

What was the Repudiation Movement?

Answer 45

1870s protest against Crown land purchases and broken promises in Wairarapa

Question 46

Who led the Repudiation Movement?

Answer 46

Ngāti Kahungunu

Question 47

What was Parihaka?

Answer 47

A peaceful Māori community in Taranaki, resisting land confiscation

Question 48

Who led Parihaka?

Answer 48

Te Whiti-o-Rongomai and Tohu Kākahi

Question 49

How many people lived in Parihaka?

Answer 49

about 2000

Question 50

What happened during George Grey’s premiership (1877–79)?

Answer 50

Tried engaging with Māori King movement and Taranaki reserves; jailed peaceful ploughmen, leading to government collapse.

Question 51

What did George Grey and Native Minister Sheehan try to do between 1877–1879?

Answer 51

They engaged with Taranaki Māori to secure land titles and attempted to open the King Country for railway development, but faced resistance from Māori.

Question 52

What led to the fall of Grey’s government in 1879?

Answer 52

The arrest of peaceful Māori ploughmen and overcrowding of Taranaki jails created political pressure, contributing to the collapse of his government.