How many vertebrae do we have
33 and 26 bones once it’s fuse
How many cervical vertebrae do we have
7
How many thoracic vertebrae do we have
12
How many lumbar vertebrae do we have
5
How many sacral vertebrae do we have
5
In how many individual segments does the Sacrum starts
5 bones
At what age does the Sacrum is completely fused
30 years old
How many coccygeal vertebrae (coccyx) do we have
4
At what age do we reach the perfect curve
At 10 year sold
Describe the cervical curve
Formed by 7 cervical vertebrae, convex anteriorly
Describe the thoracic curve
Formed by 12 thoracic vertebrae, convex posteriorly
Describe the lumbar curve
Formed by 5 lumbar vertebrae, convex anteriorly
Describe the sacral curve
Forme by 5 fused sacral vertebrae, kyphotic curve
Why is the spine shape like that
For balance and to evenly distribute pressure
Where is the first intervertebral disc
Between C2 and C3
What are the intervertebral discs made of
Fibrocartilage
How many intervertebral discs do we have
24
Where is the last intervertebral disc
L5 and S1
Why is there no intervertebral disc between C1 and C2
Because on C2 there is an extra projection/process so there is no space
What is the difference between C2 and the other cervical vertebrae
An extra process/projection
What is a Kyphotic curve
The primary curve
What are the primary curves
Thoracic, sacral and coccygeal
What is the lordotic curve
The secondary curve
What are the secondary curves
Cervical and lumbar
Why is the newborn in Kyphosis (in flexion)
It is a single curve when the baby is born
How does head extension is developed (cervical lordosis)
In prone time for the baby, when he uses his neck muscle to look around in extension then when have the cervical curve
Which vertebral curvature stays the same
The thoracic curve
When the lumbar lordosis develop
Within that first year
How does the lumbar lordosis develop
With the strength the baby uses to push up, get up, be on all fours and crawl
Do the sacral and coccygeal curves develop
It stays the same
What is the order of vertebral curvatures
1 -Thoracic curve (kyphotic)
2-Cervical curve (lordosis)
3-Lumbar curve (lordosis)
4-Sacral and Coccygeal curve (kyphotic)
What is the normal sequence of development
Fundamental. Transitional postures and functional
What is the fundamental development
Supine, prone, rolling, quadruped and crawling
What are the transitional postures
Sitting, kneeling and squatting
What is the functional development
Vertical (stand up) and gait (walking)
What is kyphosis
Exaggeration of the kyphotic spine, rounded spine
What is lordosis
Exaggeration of the lordosis curve (inward), cervical and lumbar
What is scoliosis
A lateral deviation
What is a functional scoliosis
Compensation and deviation of the spine
What is structural scoliosis
When you are born with it
How are the postural conditions affected
By the line of gravity
What can we feel on a vertebrae
The spinous process
What is the vertebral arch made of
The pedicules and lamina
What does the vertebral body do
Bears the weight + disc and its the anterior part
What is inside the vertebral foramen
The spinal cord
What is the difference between vertebral foramen and the vertebral canal
Foramen: with one vertebra
Canal: when you put all of them on top of the other
What is in the intervertebral foramen
The spinal nerves and where they come out
How is the foramen formed
When the vertebra are on top of each other
How is the spinous process on C2 to C6
Often bifid (split in two)
How can you differentiate the cervical vertebrae from the other ones
The vertebral artery will pass through so there are holes on every cervical
Why is C7 the most prominent vertebrae
Because it’s the last one and it has to transition with thoracic vertebrae
What is the difference between C1 and the other cervical vertebrates
There is no body and no spinouss process and it looks like a ring
What is the other name for C1
Atlas
What is the other name for C2
Axis
What is the movement allowed on the C2
The NO
What is the joint between C1 and C2
Diarthrosis Synovial Pivot
Which ligament attaches to C2
Transverse Atlantal Ligament
Which part of C2 will allow the pivot
The dens
Which ligament prevent injury to the spinal cord
The transverse ligament
Which injury can be fatal
A whiplash injury/mechanism & a car accident
What do the thoracic vertebrae attach to
The head of ribs and the sternum
What does the thoracic vertebrae have on their bodies
Demi-facets
What do the thoracic vertebrate have oh their body to attach on the sternum
Facets in the transverse process
On which plane the faces are facing
The coronal plane
What is the main movement for the thoracic vertebrae
Rotation
What is not for rotation
Lumbar vertebrates
On which plane do the facets of lumbar vertebrates are
Sagittal
What are the main movements for the lumbar vertebrate
Flexion and extension
How can you differentiate a lumbar vs cervical vs thoracic
The size
What will rotation create for lumbar vertebrates
Griding
What is the shape of the sacrum
A triangle
What is the median sacral crest
The spinous processes
What will pass through the anterior sacral foramen
Sacral nerves
What is the Sacral canal
The continuation of the vertebral canal
Where does the pelvis attach
At the auricular surface with the ilium
What happens when we break the Coccyx
If it goes in: will damage the nerve, if it goes out: you can’t sit
What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint
Diarthrosis Synovial Gliding
What makes the Sacroiliac joint
Illium and Sacrum
What are the ligaments of the Sacroiliac joint
Sacroiliac ligament, Iliolumbar ligament, sacrotuberous ligament and sacrospinous ligament
Which ligament is more superficial to the sacrospinous ligament
The sacrotuberous ligament
Where is the ligamentum nuchae
The neck, more superficially
On which part of the vertebrae the intraverserse ligament will attach
Between the transverse processes
Which ligament is inside the spinal canal
Posterior longitudinal ligament
How is the ligamentum flavum
Inside the vertebral canal, from lamina to lamina going down
What is the triangle of auscultation
Clinical landmark, they use it for diagnosis for an easy access to the lungs and the heart
