Lecture 14

Question 1

Info Flow

Answer 1

(see 14.1)

Question 2

Info flow: sensory vs higher order

Answer 2

Sensory info processed serially
Higher order areas projects back: 2 way flow
Ventral & dorsal association areas

Question 3

Functional areas organization

Answer 3

Lamination: layers!
Canonical circuit: each layer has primary input & output
> similar functional cells in columns
> interneurons connect horizontally (link functionally similar groups)

Regional variation: 52 distinct cortical areas
> organized by density, size, cortical thickness, laminar size

Question 4

Thalamus unique features

Answer 4

Nuclei:
puluinar -parietal association
medial dorsal - frontal association

Thalamic info has already been processed by sensory & motor areas

Question 5

Corticocortical connection

Answer 5

Same hemisphere - U-shaped * long association fibers

Inter-hemispheric - long association through CC

Ex: ILF, AF, iFOF

Question 6

Cholinergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, & seratoninergic subcortical nuclei (where, function)

Answer 6

Cholinergic: brainstem & basal forebrain
> memory, learning, attention

Dopaminergic: midbrain, pleasure, motivation, reward

Noradrenergic: brainstem
> stress reaction & wakefulness

Seratoninergic: brainstem
> mood, memory processing, sleep

Question 7

Parietal association cortex (function, parts, connections, lesions)

Answer 7

Function: attention & awareness

Parts: integrates somatic, visual, acoustic & vestivular
-sensory info (spatial cognition & peripheral MC)

Projections: IPL & precuneus → parahippocampal & entorhinal cortex
- intraparietal sulcus → pMC, FEF, PMC
-> ocular movement, spatial awareness, reaching/grasping

Lesions: contralateral neglect (among others)

Question 8

Temporal association cortex

Answer 8

Function: lateral → auditory ACs, ventral → WHAT pathways
Limbic connections (strong)

Anterior pole: representation of knowledge, semantic memory, meaning

Ventral, inferior surface: WHAT pathway
> anterior = associative agnosia
> posterior = apperceptive

Anterior pole lesions = semantic dementia (exifluent aphasia, visual agnosia)

Question 9

Frontal association cortex

Answer 9

Function: complex! sensorimotor & parietal/ temporal integration + self in context

Functional deficits: cognitive impairment, fucked restraints, disordered thought & planning, character changes

More dorsolaterally → STM & planning
More ventromedially → value & decision making

*Know delayed response task & WCST

Question 10

Limbic association cortex

Answer 10

Homeostatic & instinctual drives, emotional processes
Hippocampal formation
> mediates LTM formation & transfers to neocortex

Other divisions = intermediaries