Lecture 19

Question 1

Source filter model of speech

Answer 1

F0 - fundamental f, caused by vibrating vocal folds. 100-400Hz

larynx resonants formants:
F1- 500Hz
F2- 1500Hz
F3- 2500Hz

Basic speeds sounds = phones > phonemes

Question 2

Language parts (3) & brain areas (2)

Answer 2

Functions:
grammar - rules
syntax - order of symbols
prosody - emotional valence

Areas: Left Hemisphere Lateralized , FL & TL (some PL)

Question 3

Aphasia (4)

Answer 3

Broca’s: posterior inferior FL, nonfluent/production aphasia. also called motor/expressive aphasia
Wernicke’s: posterior superior TL, fluent aphasia
Dysarthria: difficulty properly moving speech muscles
> as opposed to Broca’s which is planning
Conduction: AF. difficulty repeating

Question 4

Left Hemisphere vs Right Hemisphere

Answer 4

Right Hemi:
Left visual Fiel
LH
Prosody
spatial abilities
rudimentary speech

Left Hemi:
Right visual field
RH
Language
writing
speech

Question 5

TL asymmetry

Answer 5

Superior part, called PLANUM TEMPORALE
Larger in L Hemisphere in 2/3 of ppl.
NOT structural correlate of lateralization

Question 6

Tests for lateralization

Answer 6

Wada’s test: anesthetic to L carotid artery
> carries risk, only used prior to surgery
Less Invasive: PET, fMRI, TMS, tachistoscopic, stimulus presentation

Question 7

Language localization

Answer 7

INDIVIDUAL, very variable
Bilinguals sometimes have different areas to store the same word in each language
Distinct TL regions for some object categories

Question 8

Aprosodias & dyslexia

Answer 8

Aprododias: prosody deficiencies, R Hemi DMG

Dyslexia: difficulty reading, writing, spelling
- marked by transposing difficulties
runs in families
reduced VWFA activation

Question 9

Critical periods

Answer 9

Language acquisition requires early exposure
(1st decade of life)
Correlates to second language flueny