Lecture 15/02.21.25 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the two types of metabolic reactions?
catabolic reaction and anabolic
What is a catabolic reaction?
A type of energy that transforms fuel into cellular energy. From complex to simple breakdown.
What is an anabolic reaction?
Reactions that require energy such as synthesis of glucose, fats, or DNA into simpler units
What is true about the relationship between catabolic and anabolic reaction?
Oftentimes, the energy created from catabolic reactions, is used in anabolic reactions
What is an amphibolic reaction?
Reactions that can go in either way whether it be catabolic or anaboic
What is true about metabolic pathways and their direction?
They are bidirectional
What are heterotrophs?
Organisms that derive their energy and metabolites from other organic compounds
What are autotrophs?
Organisms that synthesize glucose and organic compounds from CO2
What is the major input of glycolysis?
It is glucose from dietary carbs or stored polysaccharides
What does glycolysis lead to?
It leads to 3 carbon intermediate pyruvate coupled to a small amount of ATP
What happens when there is no oxygen? What does glycolysis lead to?
It is reduced to products like lactate, or ethanol plus carbon dioxide. Also, fermentation
What happens when there is oxygen? What does glycolysis lead to?
Pyruvate undergoes oxidative metabolism and is turned into acetyl coenzyme A.
What happens when acetyl coA is formed? What happens after?
The two carbon in the acetyl group undergo oxidation in the citric cycle
What do oxidative reactions of the citric cycle generate?
Reduced electron carriers that are then reoxidzed to drive the synthesis of ATP
Where does the synthesis take place? From the oxidative reaction?
It occurs in the electron transport and oxidative phosphrylation
What happens if the carbon from acetyl coA are not oxidized in the citric cycle?
They are used in an anabolic pathway providing substrates for synthesis of fatty acids and steroids
What does the citric cycle accept?
it accepts acetyl coA from not only carbs but also lipids or proteins and completes the oxidation of these fuels to CO2
What is gluconeogenesis?
The synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors.
What does the metabolic catabolism of proteins and lipids do?
They can feed into the gluconeogenic pathway and be made into carbs for cells
What is true about glycolysis and glyconucleogenesis?
Although they look the same and may look like the same process in reverse, they are not the same
What happens if there are high levels of ATP?
Then carbon does not need to be oxidized
What happens if there are low levels of ATP?
The cell must mobilize stored carbon to generate substrates for the citric acid cycle
What happens if oxidation and fatty acid synthesis took place in the same compartment?
It would lead to futile cycle because acetyl coA would be used resynthesis and no useful work would be done and there would be consumption of ATP.
What is ATP?
It is the activated carrier of phosphoryl groups. Also, donors.
