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BISC312 > Lecture 6/01.27.25 > Flashcards

Lecture 6/01.27.25 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the monomers that combine to make proteins?

A

a-amino acids because they attached to the a-carbon

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2
Q

What is true about proteins and their complexity?

A

They are more complex than DNA as there are 20 different building blocks in comparison to 4. They are also very flexible

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3
Q

What are some characteristics of proteins?

A

They have definite size and shape but can also be flexible

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4
Q

What are L and D isomers?

A

They are mirror images of each other. Most amino acids exist this form except glycine because of the 2 hydrogen bonds to the alpha carbon.

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5
Q

What is the abbreviation of glycine?

A

Gly(G)

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6
Q

What functional groups do amino acids have?

A

Amino group, carboxylic group, and R group(side chain) all attached to the alpha carbon. Applies to al except proline

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7
Q

What is the abbreviation of alanine?

A

Ala(A)

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8
Q

What is the abbreviation of valine?

A

Val(V)

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9
Q

What is the abbreviation of leucine?

A

Leu(L)

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10
Q

What is the abbreviation of isoleucine?

A

Ile(I)

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11
Q

What is the abbreviation of proline?

A

Pro(P)

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12
Q

What is the abbreviation of methioine?

A

Met(M)

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13
Q

What is the abbreviation of Phenylalanine?

A

Phe(F)

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14
Q

What is the abbreviation of tyrosine?

A

Tyr(Y)

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15
Q

What is the abbreviation of tryptophan?

A

Trp(W)

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16
Q

What is the abbreviation of serine?

A

Ser(S)

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17
Q

What is the abbreviation of cysteine?

A

Cys(C)

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18
Q

What is the abbreviation of threonine?

A

Thr(T)

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19
Q

What is the abbreviation of asparagine?

A

Asn(N)

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20
Q

What is the abbreviation of glutamine?

A

Gln(Q)

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21
Q

What is the abbreviation of histidine?

A

His(H)

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22
Q

What is the abbreviation of lysine?

A

Lys(K)

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23
Q

What is the abbreviation of arginine?

A

Arg(R)

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24
Q

What is the abbreviation of aspartic acid?

A

Asp(D)

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25
What is the abbreviation of glutamic acid?
Glu(E)
26
What is it called when amino acids have 4 different group attached?
Are asymmetrical structure or chiral stereocenter
27
What is called when an amino acid has one stereocenter?
Two different versions or stereoisomers exist. Also known as D and L isomers
28
How do you know if an isomer is L or D?
The R group is to the right and hydrogen to the left(L). The (R) is where the R is to the left and the hydrogen is to the right.
29
What are the amino acids with nonpolar(hydrophobic) alipathic side chains?
Glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine, methionine, and proline
30
What does it mean for a molecule to be aliphatic?
It means the carbons in thr R group are in a linear matter
31
What is true about proline?
It is also similar to methionine because it forms a covalent bond with alpha amino group and also nitrogen. Can also form kinks and be found in glycine.
31
What is true about methionine?
It is not fully a nonpolar and hyddrophobic to be part of the group but displays many similar characteristics.
32
What amino acids have nonpolar aromatic side chains?
Phenylalanine. tyrosine, and tryptophan
33
What is true about the nonpolar aromatic side chains and the alipathic side chains?
When combining both, they are extremely hydrophobic.
34
What are aromatic amino acids good for?
They absorb light in the near ultraviolet region, especially, tryptophan and tyrosine.
35
What are the amino acids with polar side chains that are uncharged, and nonionizable?
Serine, threonine, asparagine, cysteine, and glutamine
36
What is true about amino acids with polar side chains?
They can form multiple H bonds with water or other good H bond donors/acceptors. They are also mostly found in the surfaces of proteins where they make contact with aqueous environments
37
How are polar side chains similar to nonpolar side chains like alanine and valine?
They look similar but the R groups are more hydrophilic and reactive.
38
What is cystine?
It is a polar side chains and similar but instead has a sulfur group.
39
What are amino acids are positively charged, have basic side chains, and are hydrophilic?
histidine lysine, and arginine
40
What is true about the basic amino acids?
They are polar and are found on the exterior surface of proteins so they can be hydrated in aqueous environments. Also, found in the substrate bindings on enzymes. The least basic of the three is histidine.
41
What is true about histidine?
It loses a proton at around pH 6 from its imidazole ring. It means it is involved in proton transfers during enzyme catalysis and exists in protanated and depronated environments.
42
What are the amino acids with negatively charges side chains(acidic)?
aspartic acid and glutamic acid
43
What is true about aspartate and glutamte?
They are super acidic and found on the surface of proteins to make contact with surrounding water or a bound substrate. They also have carboxylic acids as R groups and can form ionic bonds.
44
What does it for the groups to ionize?
They can lose or gain protons
45
What is the pKa of arginine?
12.5
46
What is the pKa of aspartic acid?
3.9
47
What is the pKa of cysteine?
8.3
48
What is the pKa of glutamic acid?
4.2
49
What is the pKa of histidine?
6.0
50
What is the pKa of lysine?
10.0
51
What is the pKa of tryptophan?
10.1
52
What happens during the peptide bond formation?
They require energy and water is lost. There is a bond between carboxylic acid group of one a.a and amino group of the other.
53
How are peptide chains written?
N terminal to C terminal
54
What is a trans form?
A favored form that requires less energy and a carbons are on opposite sides.
55
What is a cis form?
Less favored form with high energy and has a carbons on same sides.
56
What is true about myoglobin?
It is important for oxygen binding and storage in tissues
57
What is LysR
amino group
58
What is Arg R?
guanidium group
59
What is His R
imidazole group
60
What forms into ionic bond?
Lys, Arg, and His
61
What is C-N?
peptide
62
What is C --N?
double bond
63
What is C-N
single bond

BISC312 (25 decks)

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