Lecture 15

Question 1

Which of the following structures is affected by acute otitis media?

A) larynx
B) middle ear
C) alveoli
D) pharynx

Answer 1

B) middle ear

Question 2

The process by which point mutations cause slight changes in the spike proteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of the influenza virus is called _______.

A) antigenic drift
B) antigenic shift
C) transduction
D) tranformation

Answer 2

A) antigenic drift

Question 3

Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 3

This organism is known to cause pharyngitis and produces toxins that can cause scarlet fever.

Question 4

Diphtheria

Answer 4

This disease is characterized by cervical lymphadenopothy, fever, and grayish membrane on the throat.

Question 5

Whooping cough

Answer 5

This disease is caused by Bordetella pertussis and is characterized by violent coughing.

Question 6

Tuberculosis

Answer 6

The organism that causes this disease can be seen as Ghon complexes in lung x-rays.

Question 7

Common cold

Answer 7

This is the most frequent URI and can be caused by over 200 viral subtypes.

Question 8

____ causes strep throat, an infection of the pharynx that also causes high fever and can lead to scarlet fever, acute rheumatic fever, and acute glomerulonephritis.

Answer 8

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 9

____ is an infection of the middle ear that may be caused by several bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.

Answer 9

Acute otitis media

Question 10

____ results from infections that cause inflammation and fluid accumulation in the alveoli

Answer 10

Bacterial pneumonia

Question 11

____ is an infection leads to the production of protective tubercles in the alveoli and calcified Ghon complexes that can harbor the bacteria for a long time.

Answer 11

Tuberculosis

Question 12

Pertussis

Answer 12

Mucus accumulation in the lungs leads to prolonged severe coughing episodes (whooping cough) that facilitate transmission

Question 13

____ is caused by Coxiella burnetii, whose primary hosts are domesticated mammals (zoonotic disease). It causes pneumonia primarily in farm workers and can lead to serious complications, such as endocarditis.

Answer 13

Q fever

Question 14

Which of the following is not directly connected to the nasopharynx?

A) middle ear
B) oropharynx
C) lacrimal glands
D) nasal cavity

Answer 14

C) lacrimal glands

Question 15

What type of cells produce the mucus for the mucous membranes?

A) goblet cells
B) macrophages
C) phagocytes
D) ciliated epithelial cells

Answer 15

A) goblet cells

Question 16

The _______ separates the upper and lower respiratory tract.

A) bronchi
B) larynx
C) epiglottis
D) palatine tonsil

Answer 16

C) epiglottis

Question 17

Which microbial virulence factor is most important for attachment to host respiratory tissues?

A) adhesins
B) lipopolysaccharide
C) hyaluronidase
D) capsules

Answer 17

A) adhesins

Question 18

Which of the following does not involve a bacterial exotoxin?

A) diphtheria
B) whooping cough
C) scarlet fever
D) Q fever

Answer 18

D) Q fever

Question 19

What disease is caused by Coxiella burnetii?

A) Q fever
B) tuberculosis
C) diphtheria
D) walking pneumonia

Answer 19

A) Q fever

Question 20

In which stage of pertussis is the characteristic whooping sound made?

A) convalescence
B) catarrhal
C) paroxysmal
D) prodromal

Answer 20

C) paroxysmal

Question 21

What is the causative agent of Q fever?

A) Coxiella burnetii
B) Chlamydophila psittaci
C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D) Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 21

A) Coxiella burnetii

Question 22

Which of these microbes causes “walking pneumonia”?

A) Klebsiella pneumoniae
B) Streptococcus pneumoniae
C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D) Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Answer 22

C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 23

Which of the following viruses is not commonly associated with the common cold?

A) coronavirus
B) adenovirus
C) rhinovirus
D) varicella-zoster virus

Answer 23

D) varicella-zoster virus

Question 24

Which of the following viral diseases has been eliminated from the general population worldwide?

A) smallpox
B) measles
C) German measles
D) influenza

Answer 24

A) smallpox

Question 25

What term refers to multinucleated cells that form when many host cells fuse together during infections? A) Ghon elements B) Reye syndrome C) Koplik’s spots D) syncytia

Answer 25

D) syncytia

Question 26

Which of the following diseases is not associated with coronavirus infections? A) Middle East respiratory syndrome B) German measles C) the common cold D) severe acute respiratory syndrome

Answer 26

B) German measles

Question 27

Which of these viruses is responsible for causing shingles? A) rubella virus B) measles virus C) varicella-zoster virus D) variola major virus

Answer 27

C) varicella-zoster virus

Question 28

Many bacterial pathogens produce _____ to evade phagocytosis.

Answer 28

capsules

Question 29

The main type of antibody in the mucous membrane defenses is _____.

Answer 29

IgA

Question 30

_____ phagocytize potential pathogens in the lower lung.

Answer 30

Alveolar macrophages

Question 31

Calcified lesions called _____ form in the lungs of patients with TB.

Answer 31

Ghon complexes

Question 32

An inflammation of the middle ear is called _____.

Answer 32

Otitis media

Question 33

The _____ virus is responsible for causing German measles.

Answer 33

Rubella

Question 34

Why is it easy for upper respiratory infections to spread into the middle ear? A) The immune system does not have access to the middle ear. B) Lacrimal ducts lead from the nasal cavity to the middle ear. C) The mucociliary escalator moves mucus into the middle ear. D) The middle ear is connected to the nasal cavity by the Eustachian tube.

Answer 34

D) The middle ear is connected to the nasal cavity by the Eustachian tube.

Question 35

Which of the following would you expect to result in an influenza pandemic? A) antigenic shift within a type B influenza virus B) antigenic shift within a type A influenza virus C) antigenic shift within a type C influenza virus D) antigenic drift within a type B influenza virus

Answer 35

B) antigenic shift within a type A influenza virus

Question 36

Why are humans susceptible to both avian and swine flu strains? A) Humans often live in close proximity to domesticated birds and pigs. B) The immune system in humans is unable to produce antibodies against either strain. C) The human respiratory tract contains cell membrane receptors that bind both strains. D) International travel puts humans in contact with flu strains in various environments.

Answer 36

C) The human respiratory tract contains cell membrane receptors that bind both strains.

Question 37

Which of the following preventive measures is most likely to prevent viral diseases of the respiratory system? A) drinking water B) hand washing C) annual vaccines D) taking prophylactic antibiotics

Answer 37

B) hand washing