lecture 15 - face perception Flashcards
(38 cards)
Yarbus 1967
pioneer in eye tracking and picture percpetion. you could gather from eye movements which features are most salient or important to the observers.
what did Yarbus find
participants spend a lot of time lookinh at eyes, mouth and shape of the nose
Cerf et al 2008
found that when a picture contained a face, the observers gaze was drawn to it immediately, even when asked to look at different objects
Birmingham et al 2009
found that viewers fixated on the eye region of the faces within the first 200ms of viewing
Bateson et al 2006
found that on weeks where eyes were shown instead of flowers above a coffee pot, colleagues were more likely to pay their share. this suggests that eyes and gaze are powerful even when they are only in pictures
Franz et al 1961
found that infants spent more time lookinh at intact faces compared to scrabled faces and a non-face stimuli
what does Franz et al show
that face configuration is important
Purcell and Steward 1988
found that it took participants less time to detect the location of the face target when they were are upright face compared to an inverted or scrambled face
how are faces processed
they are processed hollistically - they are processed as a whole
Field et al 1984
demonstrated that neonates who have only spent 4 discontinuous hours with their mothers displayed a preference for their mothers face over strangers
Walton, Bower and Bower 1992
found that 12 to 36 hour old infants preferred their mothers face
Bushnell 2001
reported that 12 hour old infants looked longer at their mothers face than a strangers
Rhodes et al 1987
carricatures accentuate the difference between faces and therefore makes than more recognisable than the actual photo
Jenkins et al 2011
found that when subjects were presented with photos of a person they did not know, they tended to think the photos were of several different individuals
Bothwell et al 1989
showed that white subjects were better at recognising white faces and black subjects were better at recognising black faces
other race effect (ORE)
limited exposure to faces of a different culture can make it hard for one to detect the subtle differences in “foreign” faces
automatic mimicry
suggested to underlie how humans process and express emotions. automatic/unconscious imitation of speech and movements, gestures, facial expressions and eye gaze
Duchenne smile
reaches your eyes. recognised as the most authentic expression of happiness
Botulinum toxin (BTX)
these are injections that reduce muscle mobility and are commonly used to treat the appearance of frown lines and wrinkles
Lewis 2018
found that the BTX treatment of laugh lines were associated with increased depression scores. they suggested that this was because the treatment of crows feet would reduce mood. BTX treatment was associated with reduced emotion recognition ability
Perrett et al 1994
showed that we find avergage faces attractive, but we find the average of attractive faces even more attractive
averaging faces
removes any anomalous facial features, therefore making the faces more bilaterally symmetrical
why is symmetry prefered?
asymmetries could result from injuries in utero. asymmetry in human infants is correlated with the number of infectious diseases experienced by the mother during pregnancy. bilateral symmetrical individuals display an advantage in different animal species
the halo effect
where people tend to attribute socially desirable personality traits to physically attractive people
