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Cells to systems > Lecture 16 > Flashcards

Lecture 16 Flashcards

1
Q

what are some neurons that send messages to the brain

A

Sensory or

afferent neurons

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2
Q

what are some neurons that send messages out of the brain

A

Motor neurons or

efferent neurons

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3
Q

What are the dendrites for

A

receiving signal, like a root

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4
Q

What is axon for

A

sending signal

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5
Q

what is terminal bulb of a neuron

A

releasing message to another cell

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6
Q

What is the potential different between the neuron and the external body

A

70 - 75 mv

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7
Q

What happens when the membrane potential is polarised

A

the intracellular will have negative potention (5+,10-)

where externally will be (15+, 10-)

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8
Q

What happens when the membrane potential is nerutral

A

intrecellular will be (10+, 10-), extracellular will be (10+, 10-)

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9
Q

What happens to the remainder of the fluid when membrane have serperate charges

A

electrically neutral

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10
Q

What is the extracellular Na+ concentration

A

150

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11
Q

What is the extracellular K+ concentration

A

5

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12
Q

What is the intracellular A- concentration

A

65

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13
Q

What is the intracellular K+ concentration

A

150

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14
Q

What is the intracellular Na+ concentration

A

15

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15
Q

What is the relative permeability of K+

A

25-30

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16
Q

What is the relative permeability of Na+

A

1

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17
Q

What is the relative permeability of A-

A

0

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18
Q

What happens at depolarization

A

the potential spikes up to +30mv

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19
Q

What happens at repolarization

A

Slowly drops back to -70mv or lower

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20
Q

What happens after hyperpolarization

A

recovering to the resting potential of -70mv

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21
Q

What happens when the voltage does not go above the threshold?

A

It will recover back to resting potential

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22
Q

What happens at slow depolarization

A

some Na+ channels open and allow Na+ to enter cell

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23
Q

What happens at neutral state

A

only K+ channels are open to transfer K+ in and out with different channels

24
Q

What happens at depolarisation

A

all Na+ channels will open to allow Na+ to enter while K+ channels remain the same

25
What happens at repolarization
Na+ channel gate will close,, K+channels will constantly transfer K+ out and cell interior becomes negative
26
What happens after hyperpolarization
constant transfer f=of K+
27
What is refractory period
• Minimum time during which the neuron is | unresponsive to further stimulation
28
How many phases does refectory period have
2
29
What is phase 1 of refractory period
absolute refractory period Voltage gated Na+ channels have become inactivated and are incapable of being opened until resting membrane potential is reached
30
What is phase 2 of refractory period
relative refractory period Some but not all Na+ channels are responsive to further stimulus and are capable of being partially opened
31
When does absolute refractory phase happen
depolarization and initial period of repolarization and after hyperpolarization
32
What does relative refractory period happen
all the time except for absolute period
33
can action potential propagation go both direction
no
34
Is the action potential propagation strength constant?
yes, Constant stimulus strength (self | perpetuating)
35
What is the difference between large and small axon
Larger axons propagate action | potentials at faster velocities
36
What is mylination
wrapping around a axon called a sheath
37
what does myelination do
increases the speed of action potential propagation
38
What is the unmyelinated part call
ranvier nodes
39
What does pacinian cause signal
signals change in pressure and vibration
40
What does pacinian send signal
the higher the magnitude of stimulus the more frequency the depolarization
41
How does intensity of stimulus relate to frequency of AP(action potential)
``` The intensity of stimulus is directly proportional to the frequency of AP. A stronger stimulus generates a greater receptor potential which is then transduced into more impulses of AP’s per second ```
42
What cell have action potential
a lot of cells
43
What is the electrochemical equilibrium on K+
-90mv
44
What is the electrochemical equilibrium on Na+
+60
45
What happen to K+ voltage gated channel during repolarisation
The voltage gated K+ channels close slowly causing hyperpolarisation of the membrane prior to returning to resting membrane potential by Na+ - K+ pump
46
How do Na+ go out of cell
Na+ K+ ATP pump
47
what is the amount Na+ | - K+ pump exchange
3Na+ for 2K+
48
What is axon hillock for
it is the easier to trigger an action potential
49
Why does the the signal go only in one direction
due to the refractory period, all channels will already be opened
50
Why is larger axon faster
because there is less restriction
51
How is sensory information converted to a | language that the CNS can understand?
be accessory neurons. It will be converted to electrical signal which is then transferred
52
What is hair receptor for
hair movement and very gentle touch
53
What is Merkel's disc:
light sustained touch
54
What is pacician corpuscle
vibrations and deep pressure
55
What is fuffini endings neurons
deep pressure
56
What is Meissner's corpuscle
light, fluttering touch
57
What causes the sodium channels to open in pacinician recepter
the compression of the pressure pushes the sodium in

Cells to systems (25 decks)

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