Lecture 16 - Animals Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the concept that emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health?
One Health
This concept recognizes that the health of humans, animals, and ecosystems are interdependent.
Approximately what percentage of emerging human infectious diseases are zoonotic?
~75%
Zoonotic diseases are transmitted from animals to humans.
Name three common zoonotic diseases.
- SARS
- Ebola
- Rabies
Other examples include Bird flu, HIV, Mad cow disease, and Coronavirus.
What is the definition of veterinary medicines?
Any substance used directly to manage animal health
These substances help treat or prevent illnesses in animals.
List three examples of veterinary medicines.
- Anti-parasitics (ivermectin)
- Antibiotics
- Corticosteroids
Other examples include analgesics, nutritional supplements, and fertility treatments.
What natural products are increasingly used in veterinary medicine?
- Turmeric
- Ginger
- Cannabidiol
- St John’s wort
These products are known for their various health benefits, including analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
What is the historical and modern use of herbal therapies in veterinary medicine?
Herbal therapies have been used notably in Spain and India
Their effectiveness varies, and many studies have methodological flaws.
What is a significant concern regarding herbal medicine compared to pharmaceuticals?
Lack of clinical data directly comparing herbal products to pharmaceuticals
This gap complicates the assessment of herbal therapies’ effectiveness.
What legislation regulates veterinary medicines in New Zealand?
- Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines (ACVM) Act 1997
- Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act
These acts govern the manufacturing, sale, and use of veterinary products.
What is zoopharmacognosy?
The self-medication behavior of animals by ingesting or using plants, insects, or earth materials
This behavior is observed in various species including insects, birds, and primates.
List two modes of zoopharmacognosy.
- Behavioral avoidance
- Therapeutic treatment
Other modes include passive prevention and non-ingestive medicinal behaviors.
What are some challenges in formulation and delivery of veterinary medicine?
- Variation in digestive systems
- Genetic diversity within species
- Differences in metabolism and pharmacokinetics
These factors necessitate tailored approaches to medication administration.
What is crucial for the administration of oral medications in companion animals?
Palatability
Making medications appealing is vital for compliance, often achieved through mixing with food or treats.
How can drug metabolism differ between species?
Drug metabolism and clearance rates can differ greatly
This variation affects dosing regimens significantly.
True or False: Aspirin is cleared more quickly in cats than in dogs.
False
Aspirin is cleared more slowly in cats, requiring dose adjustments.
What is a complication in treating exotic or less-studied species?
Lack of species-specific dosing information
This can complicate effective treatment, such as with Malarone™ dosing in birds.
What is a key takeaway regarding the health of animals?
The health of animals is tightly linked to human and environmental health
This highlights the need for integrated health approaches.
Fill in the blank: The use of _______ in veterinary medicine is growing, but evidence of efficacy and safety is mixed.
natural products
This trend reflects increasing interest in alternative treatments.
What must veterinary drug formulation consider?
Species-specific physiological and behavioral factors
Tailoring formulations is crucial for effectiveness.
What type of research is needed in veterinary medicine regarding natural products?
Continued research on the safety, efficacy, and mechanisms
This research could enhance understanding and application of natural treatments.
